Differential Thermal Evolution between Oil and Source Rocks in the Carboniferous Shale Reservoir of the Qaidam Basin, NW China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Setting
3. Methods
3.1. Vitrinite Reflectance Measurements and Rock-Eval Analyses
3.2. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis
3.3. X-ray Diffraction Mineralogy
4. Results
4.1. Bulk Geochemical Characterization
4.2. Geochemical Characterization of Source Rocks
4.3. Geochemical Characterization of Crude Oil
4.4. Mineralogy
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Depth (m) | Total Rock (%) | Organic Composition (%) | Kerogen Type | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total OM | Pyrite | Other Minerals | Sapropelic OM | Liptinite | Vitrinite | Inertinite | ||
1009 | 3.3 | 4.7 | 92.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 72.7 | 27.3 | III |
1020 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 94.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 38.5 | 61.5 | III |
1027 | 4.9 | 3.3 | 91.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 53.1 | 46.9 | III |
1033 | 3.6 | 2.6 | 93.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 52.8 | 47.2 | III |
1053 | 3.2 | 2.1 | 94.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 43.8 | 56.3 | III |
Depth (m) | TOC (wt%) | Tmax (°C) | HI (mg/g) | OI (mg/g) | EOM (mg/g Rock) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1009 | 1.58 | 490 | 30 | 6 | 0.25 |
1020 | 1.8 | 486 | 39 | 8 | 0.28 |
1025 | 1.32 | 490 | 33 | 9 | 0.18 |
1027 | 3.28 | 492 | 34 | 5 | 0.21 |
1033 | 2.86 | 488 | 27 | 5 | 0.41 |
1037 | 31.8 | 493 | 9 | 0 | 0.56 |
1047 | 7.18 | 497 | 51 | 3 | 0.79 |
1053 | 22.4 | 500 | 101 | 1 | 0.61 |
1061 | 8.61 | 497 | 51 | 2 | 0.16 |
1063 | 2.13 | 502 | 43 | 10 | 0.25 |
Depth (m) | %Ro | Valid Measured Points | Standard Deviation (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minimum | Maximum | Mean | |||
1009 | 1.10 | 1.71 | 1.48 | 35 | 0.139 |
1020 | 1.35 | 1.63 | 1.48 | 21 | 0.100 |
1027 | 1.29 | 1.67 | 1.45 | 27 | 0.112 |
1033 | 1.50 | 2.18 | 1.88 | 44 | 0.167 |
1053 | 1.41 | 2.07 | 1.76 | 52 | 0.174 |
Sample | Depth (m) | ∑n-C20-/∑n-C21+ | Pr/Ph | Pr/n-C17 | Ph/n-C18 | Ts/(Ts + Tm) | 20S/(20S + 20R) | 22S/(22S + 22R) | Ββ (αα + ββ) | MNR | DNR | TMNr | MPI-3 | MDR | MAI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oil | 800–820 | 1.35 | 2.19 | 0.23 | 0.11 | 0.75 | 0.44 | 0.57 | 0.44 | 1.6 | 6.08 | 0.6 | 0.87 | 3.65 | 53 |
R1 | 1009 | 27.3 | 1.29 | 0.58 | 0.64 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 3.28 | 17.6 | 0.78 | 3.78 | 22.7 | 74.4 |
R2 | 1020 | 11.1 | 1.04 | 0.48 | 0.49 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 3.34 | 20.4 | 0.85 | 4.13 | 32.8 | 77.7 |
R3 | 1025 | 15.8 | 1.01 | 0.46 | 0.34 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 3.91 | 22.2 | 0.81 | 4.18 | 26.6 | 72.6 |
R4 | 1027 | 16.8 | 1.11 | 0.52 | 0.53 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 3.93 | 28 | 0.89 | 4.62 | 36.7 | 73.3 |
R5 | 1033 | 2.6 | 1.02 | 0.5 | 0.35 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 4.01 | 25.3 | 0.85 | 4.13 | 33.1 | 59.4 |
R6 | 1037 | 4.5 | 1.16 | 0.46 | 0.49 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 3.97 | 36.8 | 0.94 | 4.48 | 47.4 | 63.7 |
R7 | 1047 | 5.24 | 0.92 | 0.44 | 0.38 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 4.12 | 36.2 | 0.92 | 5.28 | 36.9 | 63.5 |
R8 | 1053 | 22.5 | 1.29 | 0.43 | 0.43 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 3.93 | 36.4 | 0.93 | 4.56 | 44.9 | 61.9 |
R9 | 1061 | 8.25 | 1.24 | 0.48 | 0.45 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 3 | 15 | 0.78 | 3.39 | 16.8 | 78.2 |
R10 | 1063 | 8.34 | 0.89 | 0.42 | 0.43 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 3.77 | 23.8 | 0.85 | 4.42 | 29.4 | 74.9 |
Depth (m) | Mineral (wt.%) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quartz | Potassium Feldspar | Plagioclase Feldspar | Calcite | Siderite | Pyrite | Hematite | Anatase | Ankerite | Clay Minerals | |
842.25 | 1.3 | n.d. | n.d. | 95.9 | n.d. | n.d. | 2.8 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
844.75 | 50.8 | n.d. | 3.9 | 1.9 | n.d. | 4.4 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 39.0 |
905.31 | 52.1 | n.d. | 2.0 | 3.2 | 2.4 | n.d. | n.d. | 2.0 | n.d. | 38.3 |
927.65 | 47.6 | n.d. | 1.2 | 19.3 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 11.3 | 20.6 |
1002.5 | 55.9 | n.d. | 1.2 | 1.9 | 4.9 | n.d. | n.d. | 1.7 | n.d. | 34.4 |
1021.7 | 50.1 | 1.3 | 5.6 | 1.3 | 4.0 | 2.1 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 35.6 |
1031.7 | 1.5 | n.d. | n.d. | 91.8 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 6.7 | n.d. |
Depth (m) | Clay Mineral (wt.%) | Montmorillonite Clay (wt.%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Smectite | I/S | Illite | Kaolinite | Chlorite | I/S | |
844.75 | n.d. | 41 | 18 | 41 | n.d. | 30 |
927.65 | n.d. | 57 | 27 | 16 | n.d. | 30 |
905.31 | n.d. | 73 | 15 | 12 | n.d. | 20 |
1002.5 | n.d. | 61 | 33 | 6 | n.d. | 15 |
1021.7 | n.d. | 56 | 19 | 25 | n.d. | 25 |
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Wang, Q.; Huang, H.; He, C.; Li, Z. Differential Thermal Evolution between Oil and Source Rocks in the Carboniferous Shale Reservoir of the Qaidam Basin, NW China. Energies 2021, 14, 7088. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14217088
Wang Q, Huang H, He C, Li Z. Differential Thermal Evolution between Oil and Source Rocks in the Carboniferous Shale Reservoir of the Qaidam Basin, NW China. Energies. 2021; 14(21):7088. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14217088
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Qianru, Haiping Huang, Chuan He, and Zongxing Li. 2021. "Differential Thermal Evolution between Oil and Source Rocks in the Carboniferous Shale Reservoir of the Qaidam Basin, NW China" Energies 14, no. 21: 7088. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14217088