Recent Advances of Film–Forming Kinetics in Organic Solar Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Effect of the Film–Forming Kinetics on Film Morphology
2.1. The Film–Forming Kinetics Affect the Degree of Crystallinity of the Blend Film
2.2. The Film–Forming Kinetics Affect the Molecular Orientation of the Donor and Acceptor
2.3. The Film–Forming Kinetics Affect the Domain Sizes of the Blend Film
2.4. The Film–Forming Kinetics Affect the Phase Separation Structure of the Blend Film
3. Summary and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Active Layer | Conditions | VOC [V] | JSC [mA cm−2] | FF [%] | PCEmax [%] | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P3HT:PCBM | Solvent CB | 0.64 | 1.63 | 52.3 | 0.58 | [69] |
Additive ODT 0.5% | 0.55 | 8.23 | 68.8 | 3.13 | ||
Additive CN 4% | 0.55 | 7.87 | 68.2 | 3.01 | ||
PTzBI–Si:N2200 | Solvent CB | 0.87 | 4.58 | 51.14 | 2.04 | [70] |
Solvent MTHF | 0.88 | 17.62 | 75.78 | 11.76 | ||
PBDB–T:INPIC–4F | Cast under strong SV | 0.84 | 12.8 | 60.5 | 6.5 | [71] |
Cast on 100 °C HS | 0.82 | 21.8 | 73.2 | 13.1 | ||
PTB7–th:P(NDI2OD–T2) | Solvent CN | 0.79 | 1.24 | 55 | 0.6 | [72] |
Solvent o–DCB | 0.77 | 6.82 | 51 | 2.86 | ||
Solvent CB | 0.78 | 8.86 | 50 | 3.63 | ||
Ph–DTDPo–OT:PBDB–T | Additive 1–CN 0.2% | 0.87 | 15.00 | 58.60 | 7.65 | [73] |
Ph–DTDPo–OTE:PBDB–T | Additive 1–CN 0.5% | 0.88 | 18.28 | 68.57 | 10.98 | |
Ph–DTDPo–TE:PBDB–T | Additive 1–CN 0.7% | 0.82 | 20.83 | 71.14 | 12.21 | |
PDFQx3T:P(NDI2OD–T2) | Solvent CF | 0.80 | 10.58 | 60 | 5.11 | [74] |
Solvent CB | 0.79 | 9.12 | 61 | 4.43 | ||
Solvent DCB | 0.80 | 8.44 | 60 | 4.04 | ||
Solvent XY | 0.79 | 7.91 | 61 | 3.83 | ||
FTAZ:ITIC–Th | Solvent CF | 0.907 | 16.8 | 62.57 | 9.72 | [75] |
Additive ODT:DIO 0.375%:0.125% | 0.922 | 17.78 | 66.64 | 11.15 | ||
P3HT:O–IDTBR | Solvent CB | 0.77 | 8.81 | 64 | 4.45 | [42] |
Additive TCB 2% | 0.76 | 13.49 | 70 | 7.18 | ||
PCPDTBT/C71–PCBM | Solvent CB | 0.66 | 11.74 | 43 | 3.35 | [76] |
Additive HS–C8H16–SH 2.5% | 0.64 | 14.48 | 49 | 4.50 | ||
Additive Br–C8H16–Br 2.5% | 0.64 | 15.26 | 48 | 4.66 | ||
Additive I–C8H16–I 2.5% | 0.61 | 15.73 | 53 | 5.12 | ||
P3HT/PCBM | CB/tetralin 1:0.05 | – | 5.76 | 60 | 1.96 | [77] |
Solvent | Solubility (mg/mL) | ||
---|---|---|---|
P3HT | PCBM | ||
Chlorobenzene (CB) | 14 | 35 | |
Additives | 1,8–octanedithiol (ODT) | 0.50 | 30 |
1–chloronaphthalene (CN) | 6.4 | 37 |
Solvent | μh (10−5 cm2/(V s)) | μe (10−5 cm2/(V s)) | PCE(%) |
---|---|---|---|
CN | 0.62 ± 0.10 | 1.01 ± 0.16 | 0.53 ± 0.07 |
o–DCB | 3.90 ± 0.36 | 2.58 ± 0.26 | 2.73 ± 0.13 |
CB | 8.40 ± 0.69 | 6.20 ± 1.51 | 3.52 ± 0.11 |
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Liang, Q.; Yao, J.; Hu, Z.; Wei, P.; Lu, H.; Yin, Y.; Wang, K.; Liu, J. Recent Advances of Film–Forming Kinetics in Organic Solar Cells. Energies 2021, 14, 7604. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14227604
Liang Q, Yao J, Hu Z, Wei P, Lu H, Yin Y, Wang K, Liu J. Recent Advances of Film–Forming Kinetics in Organic Solar Cells. Energies. 2021; 14(22):7604. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14227604
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiang, Qiuju, Jianhong Yao, Zhangbo Hu, Puxin Wei, Haodong Lu, Yukai Yin, Kang Wang, and Jiangang Liu. 2021. "Recent Advances of Film–Forming Kinetics in Organic Solar Cells" Energies 14, no. 22: 7604. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14227604