Competency Gaps of Employees in the Construction Sector in Terms of the Requirements of a Low-Carbon Economy. Polish and Czech Case
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Construction Sector
3. Objectives and Methodology
- I.
- Determining the relevant competencies, i.e., the expected (assumed) competencies that should be possessed by people employed in the construction industry, including competencies related to a low-emission economy.
- II.
- Defining competency profiles for people employed in the construction industry, taking into account the requirements related to a low-carbon economy.
- III.
- Determining the competency gaps of people employed in the construction industry in the Polish–Czech border area, taking into account the requirements related to a low-carbon economy.
4. Results
5. Discussion
- (1)
- Low-carbon economy—competency gap—32%,
- (2)
- Energy efficiency of buildings—28%,
- (3)
- Humidity and ventilation—28%,
- (4)
- Construction process of a nearly zero energy building—29%.
- (1)
- Ability to evaluate the effects of activities—competency gap—31%,
- (2)
- Analysis/problem solving skills—29%,
- (3)
- Communication—28%,
- (4)
- Providing help in solving problems—28%,
- (5)
- Waste treatment procedures at the construction site—31%,
- (6)
- Analyzing the condition of the construction site, diagnosing problems and solutions—29%,
- (7)
- Ability to evaluate the technical and economic effects of the decisions made—32%.
- (1)
- Teamwork—competency gap—32%,
- (2)
- Ease of making contacts—31%,
- (3)
- Ability to handle stress—35%,
- (4)
- Learning to learn—34%,
- (5)
- Knowledge transfer—32%,
- (6)
- Respect for the knowledge and skills of others—35%,
- (7)
- Time management skills—34%,
- (8)
- Self-development skills—33%,
- (9)
- Sensitivity to the environment—35%.
- (1)
- Low-carbon economy—competency gap—31%,
- (2)
- Sustainable construction project—30%,
- (3)
- Renewable energy technology systems including heat pumps, solar and photovoltaic systems, water collection and reuse systems, and biomass systems—30%,
- (4)
- Construction process of a Nearly Zero Energy Building—28%,
- (5)
- Principles of renewable energy systems and technologies—28%.
- (1)
- Analyzing the condition of the construction site, diagnosing problems and solutions—competency gap—24%,
- (2)
- Supervision of wet room installations—21%,
- (3)
- Installation of heat pumps—21%,
- (4)
- Ability to evaluate the technical and economic effects of the decisions made—23%,
- (1)
- Knowledge transfer—competency gap—25%,
- (2)
- Sharing of experiences—30%,
- (3)
- Respect for the knowledge and skills of others—26%,
- (4)
- Self-development skills—26%.
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Characteristic | Poland | Czech Republic | Together | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | up to 30 | 27.3 | 28 | 27.5 |
30–45 | 40 | 44 | 41.3 | |
over 45 | 32.7 | 28 | 31.3 | |
Sex | male | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Education | vocational | 14.5 | 20 | 16.3 |
secondary | 30.9 | 48 | 36.3 | |
higher | 54.5 | 32 | 47.5 | |
The size of the enterprise | small | 54.5 | 36 | 48.8 |
medium | 29.1 | 28 | 28.8 | |
large | 16.4 | 36 | 22.5 |
Knowledge: | Skills: | Attitude: |
---|---|---|
Low-carbon economy | Planning and organizing | Teamwork |
Legal and economic issues in the field of environmental protection | Ability to coordinate work | Ease of making contacts |
Nearly zero energy building requirements for new buildings | Ability to evaluate the effects of activities | Ability to handle stress |
Sustainable construction project | Analysis/problem solving skills | Ability to build authority |
Sustainable building technologies and building materials | Decision-making skills | Ability to show trust |
Water supply and sanitation | Project management skills | Learning to learn |
Decentralized electricity generation and integration of renewable energy generation methods into buildings | Communication | Self-confidence/ resilience |
Solid waste disposal | Reacting to a variety of situations | Creativity |
Reuse of materials and controlled demolition | Providing help in solving problems | Assertiveness |
Energy efficiency of buildings | Waste treatment procedures at the construction site | Knowledge transfer |
Tightness and insulation | Analyzing the condition of the construction site, diagnosing problems and solutions | Sharing of experiences |
Thermal bridges | Repair of structures damaged by moisture | Respect for the knowledge and skills of others |
Humidity and ventilation | Supervision of wet room installations | Time management skills |
Quality and location of windows | Circulation control to and from the site | Critical thinking skills |
Renewable energy technology systems including heat pumps, solar and photovoltaic systems, water collection and reuse systems, and biomass systems | Installation of heat pumps | Self-development skills |
Construction process of a nearly zero energy building | Installation of photovoltaic systems | Sensitivity to the environment |
Principles of renewable energy systems and technologies | Ability to evaluate the technical and economic effects of the decisions made | |
Integrated heating technologies | ||
Influence of control systems on heating | ||
Layout of the construction site, areas of potential danger, drainage channels |
Knowledge | Poland | Czech Republic | Arithmetic Average |
---|---|---|---|
Low-carbon economy | 81% | 82% | 82% |
Legal and economic issues in the field of environmental protection | 72% | 86% | 79% |
Nearly zero energy building requirements for new buildings | 78% | 81% | 80% |
Sustainable construction project | 73% | 91% | 82% |
Sustainable building technologies and building materials | 79% | 90% | 85% |
Water supply and sanitation | 75% | 89% | 82% |
Decentralized electricity generation and integration of renewable energy generation methods into buildings | 74% | 82% | 78% |
Solid waste disposal | 73% | 86% | 80% |
Reuse of materials and controlled demolition | 72% | 87% | 80% |
Energy efficiency of buildings | 88% | 85% | 87% |
Tightness and insulation | 86% | 89% | 88% |
Thermal bridges | 87% | 88% | 88% |
Humidity and ventilation | 89% | 91% | 90% |
Quality and location of windows | 85% | 87% | 86% |
Renewable energy technology systems including heat pumps, solar and photovoltaic systems, water collection and reuse systems, and biomass systems | 77% | 88% | 83% |
Construction process of a nearly zero energy building | 78% | 88% | 83% |
Principles of renewable energy systems and technologies | 76% | 87% | 82% |
Integrated heating technologies | 75% | 88% | 82% |
Influence of control systems on heating | 72% | 87% | 80% |
Layout of the construction site, areas of potential danger, drainage channels | 77% | 89% | 83% |
Skills | Poland | Czech Republic | Arithmetic Average |
Planning and organizing | 83% | 91% | 87% |
Ability to coordinate work | 86% | 90% | 88% |
Ability to evaluate the effects of activities | 86% | 89% | 88% |
Analysis/problem solving skills | 88% | 94% | 91% |
Decision-making skills | 87% | 92% | 90% |
Project management skills | 86% | 88% | 87% |
Communication | 86% | 93% | 90% |
Reacting to a variety of situations | 82% | 87% | 85% |
Providing help in solving problems | 83% | 88% | 86% |
Waste treatment procedures at the construction site | 81% | 88% | 85% |
Analyzing the condition of the construction site, diagnosing problems and solutions | 81% | 88% | 85% |
Repair of structures damaged by moisture | 77% | 84% | 81% |
Supervision of wet room installations | 76% | 85% | 81% |
Circulation control to and from the site | 73% | 84% | 79% |
Installation of heat pumps | 73% | 84% | 79% |
Installation of photovoltaic systems | 74% | 85% | 80% |
Ability to evaluate the technical and economic effects of the decisions made | 83% | 86% | 85% |
Attitude | Poland | Czech Republic | Arithmetic Average |
Teamwork | 88% | 94% | 91% |
Ease of making contacts | 85% | 90% | 88% |
Ability to handle stress | 87% | 92% | 90% |
Ability to build authority | 81% | 88% | 85% |
Ability to show trust | 82% | 91% | 87% |
Learning to learn | 85% | 90% | 88% |
Self-confidence/ resilience | 82% | 90% | 86% |
Creativity | 84% | 92% | 88% |
Assertiveness | 83% | 95% | 89% |
Knowledge transfer | 81% | 94% | 88% |
Sharing of experiences | 84% | 94% | 89% |
Respect for the knowledge and skills of others | 87% | 94% | 91% |
Time management skills | 87% | 91% | 89% |
Critical thinking skills | 83% | 90% | 87% |
Self-development skills | 88% | 92% | 90% |
Sensitivity to the environment | 82% | 90% | 86% |
Knowledge: | The Current Level of Employees’ Competencies | Competency Gap |
---|---|---|
Low-carbon economy | 49% | 32% |
Legal and economic issues in the field of environmental protection | 52% | 20% |
Nearly zero energy building requirements for new buildings | 51% | 27% |
Sustainable construction project | 52% | 21% |
Sustainable building technologies and building materials | 54% | 25% |
Water supply and sanitation | 58% | 17% |
Decentralized electricity generation and integration of renewable energy generation methods into buildings | 53% | 21% |
Solid waste disposal | 55% | 18% |
Reuse of materials and controlled demolition | 49% | 23% |
Energy efficiency of buildings | 60% | 28% |
Tightness and insulation | 62% | 24% |
Thermal bridges | 61% | 26% |
Humidity and ventilation | 61% | 28% |
Quality and location of windows | 58% | 27% |
Renewable energy technology systems including heat pumps, solar and photovoltaic systems, water collection and reuse systems, and biomass systems | 53% | 24% |
Construction process of a nearly zero energy building | 49% | 29% |
Principles of renewable energy systems and technologies | 50% | 26% |
Integrated heating technologies | 49% | 26% |
Influence of control systems on heating | 49% | 23% |
Layout of the construction site, areas of potential danger, drainage channels | 56% | 21% |
Skills: | ||
Planning and organizing | 59% | 24% |
Ability to coordinate work | 60% | 26% |
Ability to evaluate the effects of activities | 55% | 31% |
Analysis/problem solving skills | 59% | 29% |
Decision-making skills | 60% | 27% |
Project management skills | 60% | 26% |
Communication | 58% | 28% |
Reacting to a variety of situations | 59% | 23% |
Providing help in solving problems | 55% | 28% |
Waste treatment procedures at the construction site | 50% | 31% |
Analyzing the condition of the construction site, diagnosing problems and solutions | 52% | 29% |
Repair of structures damaged by moisture | 51% | 26% |
Supervision of wet room installations | 51% | 25% |
Circulation control to and from the site | 51% | 22% |
Installation of heat pumps | 52% | 21% |
Installation of photovoltaic systems | 50% | 24% |
Ability to evaluate the technical and economic effects of the decisions made | 51% | 32% |
Attitude: | ||
Teamwork | 56% | 32% |
Ease of making contacts | 54% | 31% |
Ability to handle stress | 52% | 35% |
Ability to build authority | 54% | 27% |
Ability to show trust | 52% | 30% |
Learning to learn | 51% | 34% |
Self-confidence/ resilience | 64% | 18% |
Creativity | 55% | 29% |
Assertiveness | 55% | 28% |
Knowledge transfer | 49% | 32% |
Sharing of experiences | 54% | 30% |
Respect for the knowledge and skills of others | 52% | 35% |
Time management skills | 53% | 34% |
Critical thinking skills | 55% | 28% |
Self-development skills | 55% | 33% |
Sensitivity to the environment | 47% | 35% |
Knowledge: | The Current Level of Employees’ Competencies | Competency Gap |
---|---|---|
Low-carbon economy | 51% | 31% |
Legal and economic issues in the field of environmental protection | 61% | 25% |
Nearly zero energy building requirements for new buildings | 55% | 26% |
Sustainable construction project | 61% | 30% |
Sustainable building technologies and building materials | 63% | 27% |
Water supply and sanitation | 74% | 15% |
Decentralized electricity generation and integration of renewable energy generation methods into buildings | 64% | 18% |
Solid waste disposal | 66% | 20% |
Reuse of materials and controlled demolition | 60% | 27% |
Energy efficiency of buildings | 60% | 25% |
Tightness and insulation | 70% | 19% |
Thermal bridges | 69% | 19% |
Humidity and ventilation | 68% | 23% |
Quality and location of windows | 69% | 18% |
Renewable energy technology systems including heat pumps, solar and photovoltaic systems, water collection and reuse systems, and biomass systems | 58% | 30% |
Construction process of a nearly zero energy building | 60% | 28% |
Principles of renewable energy systems and technologies | 59% | 28% |
Integrated heating technologies | 61% | 27% |
Influence of control systems on heating | 61% | 26% |
Layout of the construction site, areas of potential danger, drainage channels | 62% | 27% |
Skills: | ||
Planning and organizing | 75% | 16% |
Ability to coordinate work | 76% | 14% |
Ability to evaluate the effects of activities | 74% | 15% |
Analysis/problem solving skills | 74% | 20% |
Decision-making skills | 72% | 20% |
Project management skills | 73% | 15% |
Communication | 75% | 18% |
Reacting to a variety of situations | 73% | 14% |
Providing help in solving problems | 74% | 14% |
Waste treatment procedures at the construction site | 69% | 19% |
Analyzing the condition of the construction site, diagnosing problems and solutions | 64% | 24% |
Repair of structures damaged by moisture | 65% | 19% |
Supervision of wet room installations | 64% | 21% |
Circulation control to and from the site | 66% | 18% |
Installation of heat pumps | 63% | 21% |
Installation of photovoltaic systems | 67% | 18% |
Ability to evaluate the technical and economic effects of the decisions made | 63% | 23% |
Attitude: | ||
Teamwork | 77% | 17% |
Ease of making contacts | 73% | 17% |
Ability to handle stress | 71% | 21% |
Ability to build authority | 69% | 19% |
Ability to show trust | 68% | 23% |
Learning to learn | 72% | 18% |
Self-confidence/ resilience | 73% | 17% |
Creativity | 70% | 22% |
Assertiveness | 71% | 24% |
Knowledge transfer | 69% | 25% |
Sharing of experiences | 64% | 30% |
Respect for the knowledge and skills of others | 68% | 26% |
Time management skills | 69% | 22% |
Critical thinking skills | 66% | 24% |
Self-development skills | 66% | 26% |
Sensitivity to the environment | 66% | 24% |
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Howaniec, H.; Wróblewski, Ł.K.; Štverková, H. Competency Gaps of Employees in the Construction Sector in Terms of the Requirements of a Low-Carbon Economy. Polish and Czech Case. Energies 2021, 14, 7868. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14237868
Howaniec H, Wróblewski ŁK, Štverková H. Competency Gaps of Employees in the Construction Sector in Terms of the Requirements of a Low-Carbon Economy. Polish and Czech Case. Energies. 2021; 14(23):7868. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14237868
Chicago/Turabian StyleHowaniec, Honorata, Łukasz Krzysztof Wróblewski, and Hana Štverková. 2021. "Competency Gaps of Employees in the Construction Sector in Terms of the Requirements of a Low-Carbon Economy. Polish and Czech Case" Energies 14, no. 23: 7868. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14237868
APA StyleHowaniec, H., Wróblewski, Ł. K., & Štverková, H. (2021). Competency Gaps of Employees in the Construction Sector in Terms of the Requirements of a Low-Carbon Economy. Polish and Czech Case. Energies, 14(23), 7868. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14237868