Numerical Investigation of Transient Flow Characteristics in a Centrifugal Compressor Stage with Variable Inlet Guide Vanes at Low Mass Flow Rates
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Centrifugal Compressor Stage Geometry Investigated
3. Numerical Method
3.1. Numerical Model and Grid
3.2. Numerical Scheme
3.3. Modal Decomposition Method
4. Numerical Results and Analysis
4.1. Validation of the Numerical Methods
4.2. Effects of Positive Pre-Swirls on Aerodynamic Performance of the Stage
4.3. Effects of Guide Vane Opening on the Internal Flow of the Impeller
4.4. Effects of Guide Vane Openings on the Flow Field of the Vaned Diffuser
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- With increasing positive pre-swirl, the minimum mass flow rate at which the compressor can operate becomes smaller. Therefore, a stall margin gets larger when coupled with a decreased pressure ratio. Compared with the IGV0 case, the IGV30, IGV45, and IGV60 improve approximately 9.95% of stall (surge) margin;
- (2)
- The unstable flow phenomenon caused by the low frequency (23.394 Hz) in the impeller of the IGV30 case at φ = 0.0833 (72.9% design flow point) was determined by the methods of streamline distribution, spectrum analysis, vector, entropy increase, and modal decomposition, and the unstable flow structure propagates in the impeller at a speed of nearly 25.07% of the machine shaft frequency along the reverse direction of the impeller rotation. However, there was no similar unstable flow phenomenon by the low frequency in the impeller under the other two guide vane openings. The regulation of IGV improves the flow inside the impeller and then broadens the stable operating range of the compressor stage;
- (3)
- Combined with the monitoring point spectrum analysis and modal decomposition method, it is determined that the unstable flow phenomenon caused by the low frequency appears in the diffuser with three guide vane’s openings at φ = 0.0833. The unstable flow in the diffuser is mainly caused by the low frequency and impeller-diffuser interaction. When the positive pre-swirl of the guide vanes is small, the unstable flow caused by low frequency dominates the flow inside the diffuser, while the positive pre-swirl of the guide vane increases, the flow inside the diffuser is dominated by low frequency and the impeller-diffuser interaction, and the strength of the unstable flow is significantly weakened. As a result, the risk of the diffuser passages blockage is reduced, which is also a fundamental reason for the guide vane’s regulation to broaden the operating range of the compressor. Moreover, the unstable flow caused by the low frequency attenuation/release process of the diffuser can be predicted with the DMD method.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
VIGV | variable inlet guide vane |
IGV | inlet guide vane |
POD | proper orthogonal decomposition |
DMD | dynamic modal decomposition |
k | adiabatic exponent |
Pt | total pressure (Pa) |
Tt | total temperature (K) |
Qm | mass flow rate (kg/s) |
D | diameter |
BPF | blade passing frequency |
IPF | impeller passing frequency |
FFT | fast Fourier transform |
t | time |
Δt | time step |
0 | centrifugal compressor stage inlet |
1 | impeller inlet |
2 | impeller outlet |
3 | diffuser inlet |
4 | diffuser outlet |
5 | centrifugal compressor stage outlet |
λ | POD eigenvalue |
n | number |
φ | mass flow coefficient |
ε | total pressure ratio |
ηpol | total–total polytropic efficiency |
ω | direction of impeller rotation |
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Parameters | Value | |
---|---|---|
Impeller outlet diameter | D2 | 810 mm |
Diffuser inlet diameter | D3 | 900 mm |
Diffuser outlet diameter | D4 | 1240 mm |
Return channel diameter | Dret | 620 mm |
Impeller exit width | b2 | 57.5 mm |
Tip clearance | τ | 3.5 mm |
Number of guide vanes | Zgui | 11 |
Number of impellers | Zimp | 19 |
Number of diffuser vanes | Zdif | 20 |
Number of return channels | Zret | 18 |
Rotational speed | ω | 5600 rpm |
Coarse | Medium | Fine | GCI | Experimental | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total pressure ratio | 1.4948 | 1.5426 | 1.5466 | 1.07% | 1.5322 |
Total-total efficiency | 90.13% | 90.88% | 90.92% | 0.86% | 89.39% |
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Li, S.; Liu, Y.; Omidi, M.; Zhang, C.; Li, H. Numerical Investigation of Transient Flow Characteristics in a Centrifugal Compressor Stage with Variable Inlet Guide Vanes at Low Mass Flow Rates. Energies 2021, 14, 7906. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14237906
Li S, Liu Y, Omidi M, Zhang C, Li H. Numerical Investigation of Transient Flow Characteristics in a Centrifugal Compressor Stage with Variable Inlet Guide Vanes at Low Mass Flow Rates. Energies. 2021; 14(23):7906. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14237906
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Shuai, Yan Liu, Mohammad Omidi, Chuang Zhang, and Hongkun Li. 2021. "Numerical Investigation of Transient Flow Characteristics in a Centrifugal Compressor Stage with Variable Inlet Guide Vanes at Low Mass Flow Rates" Energies 14, no. 23: 7906. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14237906