Assessment of Offshore Wave Energy Resources in Taiwan Using Long-Term Dynamically Downscaled Winds from a Third-Generation Reanalysis Product
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Meteorological Forcing Data
2.2. Description and Configuration of SCHISM-WWM-III
2.3. Wave Buoy Data
2.4. Computation of Offshore Wave Energy
2.5. Metrics for Determining the Optimal Wave Energy Hotspots
3. Results
3.1. Hindcast of Wave Parameters Using the CFSR and CFSR_5km Wind Fields
3.2. Spatial Distribution of the Annual Average Wave Power
3.3. Spatial Distribution of the Monthly Average Wave Power
3.4. Annual and Monthly Average Incidence for the Exploitable Wave Power
3.5. Variability of Wave Power
3.6. Determination of Optimal Wave Energy Hotspots
4. Discussion
5. Summary and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Buoy | [−4, −2) | [−2, 0) | [0, 2) | [2, 4) | [4, 6) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Longdong | 0.23 | 28.96 | 70.65 | 0.99 | 0.03 |
0.00 | 29.18 | 57.89 | 0.23 | 0.00 | |
Hualien | 0.14 | 31.76 | 67.34 | 0.71 | 0.06 |
0.00 | 55.16 | 44.69 | 0.15 | 0.00 | |
Hsinchu | 0.02 | 20.50 | 78.80 | 0.68 | 0.00 |
0.00 | 29.04 | 66.72 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
Xiaoliuqiu | 0.56 | 43.45 | 55.80 | 0.18 | 0.00 |
0.16 | 50.52 | 49.30 | 0.02 | 0.00 |
Buoy | [−6, −4) | [−4, −2) | [−2, 0) | [0, 2) | [2, 4) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Longdong | 0.01 | 1.10 | 38.71 | 57.20 | 3.14 |
0.00 | 1.61 | 41.37 | 54.77 | 2.25 | |
Hualien | 0.00 | 0.00 | 17.60 | 76.28 | 5.85 |
0.00 | 0.03 | 16.47 | 78.94 | 4.26 | |
Hsinchu | 0.00 | 1.30 | 35.65 | 61.37 | 1.68 |
0.00 | 1.27 | 45.71 | 51.52 | 1.49 | |
Xiaoliuqiu | 0.08 | 3.38 | 64.06 | 31.27 | 1.18 |
0.00 | 4.70 | 74.33 | 20.25 | 0.73 |
Buoy | [−60, −40) | [−40, −20) | [−20, 0) | [0, 20) | [20, 40) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Longdong | 2.38 | 24.85 | 37.35 | 25.35 | 9.34 |
0.00 | 26.37 | 39.27 | 26.35 | 8.01 | |
Hualien | 0.96 | 16.46 | 36.54 | 31.67 | 12.83 |
0.00 | 19.33 | 37.08 | 31.56 | 12.03 | |
Hsinchu | 2.64 | 10.77 | 36.65 | 44.86 | 3.97 |
2.28 | 9.36 | 37.56 | 46.22 | 3.66 | |
Xiaoliuqiu | 5.01 | 16.38 | 29.66 | 30.20 | 13.20 |
4.91 | 16.89 | 33.21 | 29.64 | 12.33 |
Buoy | Optimum Hotspots for the Deployment of Wave Energy Converters | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
OH_1 | OH_2 | OH_3 | OH_4 | |
Lat. (°), Lon. (°) | (121.48, 22.34) | (121.65, 21.89) | (120.77, 21.49) | (119.64, 23.94) |
Water depth (m) | -1268 | -1360 | -427 | -71 |
WPm (kW/m) | 21.03 | 22.62 | 24.91 | 22.33 |
WEt (MWh/m) | 184.22 | 198.15 | 218.21 | 195.61 |
WEe (MWh/m) | 158.06 | 182.89 | 196.39 | 101.33 |
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Hsiao, S.-C.; Cheng, C.-T.; Chang, T.-Y.; Chen, W.-B.; Wu, H.-L.; Jang, J.-H.; Lin, L.-Y. Assessment of Offshore Wave Energy Resources in Taiwan Using Long-Term Dynamically Downscaled Winds from a Third-Generation Reanalysis Product. Energies 2021, 14, 653. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14030653
Hsiao S-C, Cheng C-T, Chang T-Y, Chen W-B, Wu H-L, Jang J-H, Lin L-Y. Assessment of Offshore Wave Energy Resources in Taiwan Using Long-Term Dynamically Downscaled Winds from a Third-Generation Reanalysis Product. Energies. 2021; 14(3):653. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14030653
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsiao, Shih-Chun, Chao-Tzuen Cheng, Tzu-Yin Chang, Wei-Bo Chen, Han-Lun Wu, Jiun-Huei Jang, and Lee-Yaw Lin. 2021. "Assessment of Offshore Wave Energy Resources in Taiwan Using Long-Term Dynamically Downscaled Winds from a Third-Generation Reanalysis Product" Energies 14, no. 3: 653. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14030653