Damping Studies on PMLG-Based Wave Energy Converter under Oceanic Wave Climates
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- The numeric model was verified on a PMLG-type WEC with experimental results.
- The power profiles were investigated in relation to a limited variation of sea states.
- The damping impact was studied toward the WEC’s power production.
- Power matrix was obtained under optimal damping cases at two different test sites.
- Annual energy production was estimated and compared between optimal damping and constant damping cases at different test sites.
2. Wave Energy Project at Uppsala University
3. Theories on Hydrodynamics and Energy Conversion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Wave Energy Converter (WEC) Model
4.2. Wave Climates
4.3. Research Methods
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. Model Verification
5.2. Generation and the Sea States
5.3. Damping Coefficient and Energy Production
5.4. Optimal Damping Versus Constant Damping
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Generator resistance, [Ω] | |
Generator inductance, [mH] | 20 |
Vertical stator length, [mm] | 2 |
Vertical translator length, [mm] | 2 |
Airgap, [mm] | 3 |
Translator weight, [kg] | 5000 |
Buoy diameter, D [m] | 4 |
Buoy mass, [kg] | 6300 |
Analysis | Value |
---|---|
Simulated average power, [kW] | 19.06 |
Experimental average power, [kW] | 19.51 |
Percentage error on the average power, [%] | 2.33 |
Standard deviation on average power, [kW] | 0.46 |
Standard deviation on phase voltage, [V] | 16.41 |
Site 1 | Wave Period [s] | Wave Height [m] | Annual Energy [MWh] | Percentage 1 [%] |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 4.5 | 1.25 | 3.88 | 11.80 |
2 | 5.5 | 1.75 | 3.87 | 11.77 |
3 | 3.5 | 0.75 | 3.22 | 9.78 |
4 | 5.5 | 2.25 | 2.22 | 6.75 |
5 | 4.5 | 0.75 | 2.03 | 6.17 |
6 | 6.5 | 2.75 | 1.85 | 5.63 |
Site 12 | Wave Period [s] | Wave Height [m] | Annual Energy [MWh] | Percentage 1 [%] |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 3.5 | 0.75 | 4.96 | 20.74 |
2 | 2.5 | 0.25 | 3.87 | 16.18 |
3 | 4.5 | 1.25 | 3.24 | 13.54 |
4 | 4.5 | 1.75 | 3.16 | 13.22 |
5 | 3.5 | 1.25 | 1.71 | 7.13 |
6 | 5.5 | 2.25 | 1.69 | 7.04 |
Site 1 | Damping Coefficient [kNs/m] | Sea States [-] | Energy [MWh] | Percentage 1 [%] |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 55 | 13 | 11.42 | 36.40 |
2 | 75 | 20 | 10.25 | 32.69 |
3 | 70 | 4 | 4.68 | 14.93 |
4 | 65 | 5 | 2.06 | 6.56 |
Site 12 | Damping Coefficient [kNs/m] | Sea States [-] | Energy [MWh] | Percentage 1 [%] |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 75 | 9 | 8.82 | 36.87 |
2 | 55 | 7 | 6.81 | 28.46 |
3 | 70 | 2 | 3.29 | 13.73 |
4 | 40 | 3 | 2.13 | 8.88 |
Site 1 | Damping Coefficient [kNs/m] | Overall Energy under 75 [MWh] | Overall Energy Under Optimal [MWh] | Percentage 1 [%] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Site 1 | 75 | 32.63 | 32.91 | 0.8 |
Site 12 | 55 | 23.76 | 23.93 | 0.7 |
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Hong, Y.; Temiz, I.; Pan, J.; Eriksson, M.; Boström, C. Damping Studies on PMLG-Based Wave Energy Converter under Oceanic Wave Climates. Energies 2021, 14, 920. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14040920
Hong Y, Temiz I, Pan J, Eriksson M, Boström C. Damping Studies on PMLG-Based Wave Energy Converter under Oceanic Wave Climates. Energies. 2021; 14(4):920. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14040920
Chicago/Turabian StyleHong, Yue, Irina Temiz, Jianfei Pan, Mikael Eriksson, and Cecilia Boström. 2021. "Damping Studies on PMLG-Based Wave Energy Converter under Oceanic Wave Climates" Energies 14, no. 4: 920. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14040920