Medium-Temperature Phosphate Glass Composite Material as a Matrix for the Immobilization of High-Level Waste Containing Volatile Radionuclides
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Procedures
2.2. Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Geometric Parameters and Density of Glass Composite Material Tablets
3.2. Characterization of the Synthesized Compounds by XRD and SEM/EDS
3.3. Hydrothermal Resistance of Glass Composite Matrices in PCT Standard Test
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | FP | NAFP |
---|---|---|
P | 24.9 | 23.0 |
Fe | 30.0 | 10.4 |
Na | - | 17.1 |
Al | - | 5.0 |
O | 45.1 | 44.6 |
Sample | Parameters | before Synthesis | 450 °C | 550 °C | 650 °C | 750 °C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FP | d | 10.10 | 10.10 | 9.45 | 9.38 | 9.20 |
h | 3.60 | 3.60 | 3.50 | 3.45 | 3.40 | |
ρ | 2.12 | 2.12 | 2.44 | 2.52 | 2.52 | |
NAFP | d | 10.10 | 10.10 | 10.10 | 9.15 | 9.15 |
h | 3.80 | 3.80 | 3.80 | 3.55 | 3.50 | |
ρ | 1.97 | 1.97 | 1.97 | 2.57 | 2.62 |
Element | Phase #1 | Phase #2 |
---|---|---|
P | 24.5 ± 2.4 | 23.5 ± 2.3 |
Fe | 30.7 ± 3.1 | 30.8 ± 3.1 |
O | 44.8 ± 4.5 | 44.3 ± 4.4 |
Mo | - | 1.5 ± 0.2 |
Element | Phase #1 | Phase #2 | Phase #3 | Phase #4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
P | 22.3 ± 2.2 | 23.8 ± 2.4 | 24.5 ± 2.4 | 20.8 ± 2.1 |
Fe | 12.1 ± 1.2 | 16.3 ± 1.6 | 9.4 ± 0.9 | 20.5 ± 2.1 |
Na | 16.0 ± 1.6 | 9.5 ± 0.9 | 14.1 ± 1.4 | 14.0 ± 1.4 |
Al | 5.9 ± 0.8 | 5.1 ± 0.7 | 6.1 ± 0.8 | 2.2 ± 0.3 |
O | 43.4 ± 4.3 | 44.4 ± 4.4 | 45.9 ± 4.6 | 42.5 ± 4.3 |
Si | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | - | 0.24 ± 0.1 |
Sample | Temperature Synthesis | P | Fe | Na | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FP | 450 | 1.0 × 10−6 | 1.1 × 10−7 | - | - |
550 | 6.5 × 10−7 | 1.1 × 10−7 | - | - | |
650 | 5.7 × 10−7 | 5.7 × 10−8 | - | - | |
750 | 3.9 × 10−7 | 7.9 × 10−9 | - | - | |
NAFP | 450 | 1.1 × 10−6 | 5.0 × 10−6 | 1.7 × 10−5 | 6.8 × 10−6 |
550 | 8.5 × 10−5 | 8.6 × 10−6 | 1.5 × 10−4 | 6.2 × 10−6 | |
650 | 6.1 × 10−5 | 1.2 × 10−5 | 8.1 × 10−5 | 2.0 × 10−5 | |
750 | 1.1 × 10−4 | 9.0 × 10−6 | 1.7 × 10−4 | 1.6 × 10−5 |
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Frolova, A.V.; Vinokurov, S.E.; Gromyak, I.N.; Danilov, S.S. Medium-Temperature Phosphate Glass Composite Material as a Matrix for the Immobilization of High-Level Waste Containing Volatile Radionuclides. Energies 2022, 15, 7506. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207506
Frolova AV, Vinokurov SE, Gromyak IN, Danilov SS. Medium-Temperature Phosphate Glass Composite Material as a Matrix for the Immobilization of High-Level Waste Containing Volatile Radionuclides. Energies. 2022; 15(20):7506. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207506
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrolova, Anna V., Sergey E. Vinokurov, Irina N. Gromyak, and Sergey S. Danilov. 2022. "Medium-Temperature Phosphate Glass Composite Material as a Matrix for the Immobilization of High-Level Waste Containing Volatile Radionuclides" Energies 15, no. 20: 7506. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207506