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Volume 15
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10.3390/en15207814
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Article

Modified Cascaded Controller Design Constructed on Fractional Operator ‘β’ to Mitigate Frequency Fluctuations for Sustainable Operation of Power Systems

by
Muhammad Majid Gulzar
1,
Sadia Murawwat
2,
Daud Sibtain
3,
Kamal Shahid
4,
Imran Javed
5 and
Yonghao Gui
6,*
1
Control & Instrumentation Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
3
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
4
Institute of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
5
Department of Electrical Engineering, Narowal Campus, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Narowal 39161, Pakistan
6
Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2022, 15(20), 7814; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207814
Submission received: 17 September 2022 / Revised: 18 October 2022 / Accepted: 18 October 2022 / Published: 21 October 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control of Renewable Energy Sources in Power Systems and Smart Grids)
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Abstract

The demand for energy is increasing at an abrupt pace, which has highly strained the power system, especially with high share of power generation from renewable energy sources (RES). This increasing strain needs to be effectively managed for a continuous and smooth operation of the power system network. Generation and demand exhibit a strong correlation that directly creates an impact on the power system frequency. Fluctuations and disruptions in load frequency can manifest themselves as over-voltages and physical damages in the power grid and, in the worst case, can lead to blackouts. Thus, this paper proposed an effective solution to mitigate the load frequency problem(s), which is initiated by the changing load demand under high penetration of RES. This paper presented an improved cascaded structure, the proportional integral with a fractional operator coupled with proportional derivative PI−FOP+PD. The proposed FOP+PD modifies the (1+PD) controller by introducing fractional properties that improve its tracking efficiency and mitigate frequency fluctuations taking minimal time. The introduction of FOP β diversifies its tracking and overall controlling ability, which translates it as a significant controller. The controller optimal parameters are extracted by deploying a dragonfly search algorithm (DSA). The study of the results illustrates that the proposed design displays efficient performance under any disturbance or uncertainty in the power system.
Keywords: load frequency control; modified cascade controller; dragonfly search algorithm; fractional operator; renewable energy resources load frequency control; modified cascade controller; dragonfly search algorithm; fractional operator; renewable energy resources

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gulzar, M.M.; Murawwat, S.; Sibtain, D.; Shahid, K.; Javed, I.; Gui, Y. Modified Cascaded Controller Design Constructed on Fractional Operator ‘β’ to Mitigate Frequency Fluctuations for Sustainable Operation of Power Systems. Energies 2022, 15, 7814. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207814

AMA Style

Gulzar MM, Murawwat S, Sibtain D, Shahid K, Javed I, Gui Y. Modified Cascaded Controller Design Constructed on Fractional Operator ‘β’ to Mitigate Frequency Fluctuations for Sustainable Operation of Power Systems. Energies. 2022; 15(20):7814. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207814

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gulzar, Muhammad Majid, Sadia Murawwat, Daud Sibtain, Kamal Shahid, Imran Javed, and Yonghao Gui. 2022. "Modified Cascaded Controller Design Constructed on Fractional Operator ‘β’ to Mitigate Frequency Fluctuations for Sustainable Operation of Power Systems" Energies 15, no. 20: 7814. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207814

APA Style

Gulzar, M. M., Murawwat, S., Sibtain, D., Shahid, K., Javed, I., & Gui, Y. (2022). Modified Cascaded Controller Design Constructed on Fractional Operator ‘β’ to Mitigate Frequency Fluctuations for Sustainable Operation of Power Systems. Energies, 15(20), 7814. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207814

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