Water Energy in Poland in the Context of Sustainable Development
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Historical Overview of the Development of Hydropower Industry in Poland and Description of the Current State
3. Prospects and Limitations of Development in the Context of Sustainable Development and Current Geopolitical Conditions
4. Conclusions and Recommendations
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Specification | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
European Union—27 countries | 142,433.708 | 143,073.780 | 144,156.131 | 144,329.264 | 146,291.976 | 147,816.738 | 148,584.348 | 148,613.314 | 148,996.193 | 148,982.176 |
Euro area—19 countries (from 2015) | 109,781.708 | 110,455.780 | 111,299.131 | 111,931.164 | 113,438.998 | 114,784.371 | 115,393.459 | 115,471.281 | 115,831.376 | 115,891.468 |
Belgium | 1426.000 | 1427.000 | 1429.000 | 1431.000 | 1422.000 | 1419.100 | 1417.100 | 1417.800 | 1414.100 | 1415.800 |
Bulgaria | 3108.000 | 3181.000 | 3203.000 | 3219.000 | 3219.000 | 3223.000 | 3371.550 | 3379.000 | 3378.350 | 3376.456 |
Czechia | 2023.000 | 2029.000 | 2064.000 | 2062.000 | 2069.000 | 2071.000 | 2080.890 | 2080.598 | 2080.955 | 2081.012 |
Denmark | 9.000 | 9.000 | 9.000 | 9.000 | 6.878 | 9.267 | 7.153 | 7.153 | 7.263 | 7.263 |
Germany | 11,367.000 | 11,185.000 | 11,197.000 | 11,190.000 | 11,212.000 | 11,164.000 | 11,078.000 | 10,652.000 | 10,698.000 | 10,757.000 |
Estonia | 5.000 | 8.000 | 8.000 | 5.000 | 6.000 | 6.000 | 7.300 | 7.300 | 6.000 | 8.000 |
Ireland | 237.000 | 529.000 | 529.000 | 529.000 | 529.000 | 529.000 | 529.000 | 529.000 | 529.000 | 529.000 |
Greece | 3224.000 | 3236.000 | 3238.000 | 3389.000 | 3392.000 | 3392.000 | 3392.000 | 3409.000 | 3412.000 | 3417.000 |
Spain | 18,197.000 | 18,207.000 | 18,818.000 | 18,856.000 | 19,686.000 | 19,711.000 | 19,710.000 | 19,710.572 | 19,744.667 | 19,747.592 |
France | 25,454.181 | 25,469.754 | 25,458.073 | 25,398.027 | 25,368.096 | 25,435.177 | 25,517.417 | 25,542.147 | 25,674.256 | 25,496.113 |
Croatia | 2127.000 | 2127.000 | 2176.000 | 2178.100 | 2192.100 | 2189.100 | 2190.300 | 2196.800 | 2197.000 | 2197.200 |
Italy | 21,568.000 | 21,752.000 | 21,890.000 | 21,979.000 | 22,099.000 | 22,181.000 | 22,307.160 | 22,393.119 | 22,434.666 | 22,604.426 |
Cyprus | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Latvia | 1571.000 | 1573.000 | 1585.525 | 1586.748 | 1586.693 | 1563.196 | 1563.260 | 1563.339 | 1585.204 | 1584.755 |
Lithuania | 876.000 | 876.000 | 876.000 | 877.000 | 877.000 | 877.000 | 877.000 | 877.000 | 877.000 | 877.000 |
Luxembourg | 1132.300 | 1132.300 | 1132.300 | 1328.300 | 1328.300 | 1328.300 | 1328.580 | 1328.508 | 1328.508 | 1328.508 |
Hungary | 55.000 | 56.000 | 57.000 | 57.000 | 57.000 | 57.000 | 57.000 | 57.000 | 58.000 | 58.000 |
Malta | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Netherlands | 37.000 | 37.000 | 37.000 | 37.000 | 37.000 | 37.000 | 37.000 | 37.000 | 37.000 | 37.000 |
Austria | 12,642.227 | 12,773.726 | 12,848.233 | 12,997.089 | 13,112.909 | 13,570.598 | 13,717.985 | 14,088.138 | 14,162.000 | 14,169.295 |
Poland | 2345.000 | 2350.000 | 2354.000 | 2363.000 | 2369.000 | 2385.000 | 2389.559 | 2390.768 | 2396.512 | 2399.102 |
Portugal | 5529.000 | 5706.000 | 5655.000 | 5709.000 | 6162.000 | 6954.000 | 7219.731 | 7229.642 | 7255.885 | 7234.706 |
Romania | 6411.000 | 6455.000 | 6509.000 | 6523.000 | 6619.000 | 6644.000 | 6610.437 | 6617.714 | 6602.737 | 6565.675 |
Slovenia | 1137.000 | 1138.000 | 1183.000 | 1180.000 | 1179.000 | 1177.000 | 1230.926 | 1227.716 | 1230.090 | 1230.273 |
Slovakia | 2494.000 | 2493.000 | 2493.000 | 2493.000 | 2495.000 | 2493.000 | 2493.000 | 2496.000 | 2494.000 | 2496.000 |
Finland | 2885.000 | 2913.000 | 2922.000 | 2946.000 | 2947.000 | 2947.000 | 2968.000 | 2963.000 | 2949.000 | 2959.000 |
Sweden | 16,574.000 | 16,411.000 | 16,485.000 | 15,987.000 | 16,321.000 | 16,454.000 | 16,484.000 | 16,413.000 | 16,444.000 | 16,406.000 |
Specification | 5% | 10% | 15% | 20% |
---|---|---|---|---|
Generated energy (100 million kWh) | 30.838374 | 32.306868 | 33.775362 | 35.243856 |
CO2 emission reduction (10,000 tons) | 295.4731 | 309.5432 | 323.6134 | 337.6835 |
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Piwowar, A.; Dzikuć, M. Water Energy in Poland in the Context of Sustainable Development. Energies 2022, 15, 7840. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15217840
Piwowar A, Dzikuć M. Water Energy in Poland in the Context of Sustainable Development. Energies. 2022; 15(21):7840. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15217840
Chicago/Turabian StylePiwowar, Arkadiusz, and Maciej Dzikuć. 2022. "Water Energy in Poland in the Context of Sustainable Development" Energies 15, no. 21: 7840. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15217840