Monitoring, Detection and Locating of Transient Earth Fault Using Zero-Sequence Current and Cable Screen Earthing Current in Medium Voltage Cable and Mixed Feeders
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Transient Earth Faults
- earth fault caused by equipment deterioration or damage; earth fault number is reduced thanks to proper maintenance [32],
- earth faults caused by human activities, e.g., damage during construction or agricultural works—earth fault number reduced by proper design,
- atmospheric conditions, i.e., icing, wind—earth fault number reduced by proper design.
- moisture on insulators on the area of substation [33],
- contamination of insulators at the point of line transition—underground cable to overhead line, and
- in rare cases the incipient earth fault may occur along the underground cable (see below).
- reconfiguration of the network in order to avoid or minimize interruption of power supply;
- better planning of the purchasing process, i.e., replacement parts on time;
- early replacement of the faulty components of the power line; and
- reduction of the time of failure removal time thanks to pre-failure analysis, e.g., location of failure is determined.
3. Observations in Distribution System Network
4. Algorithm
5. Verification of the Proposed Algorithm
6. Summary
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Earth Fault No. | Earth Fault Location | [A] | [A] | —Transient [-] |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | underground cable | 151.45 | 71.17 | 0.47 |
2 | underground cable | 259.46 | 245.90 | 0.95 |
3 | underground cable | 83.62 | 75.13 | 0.90 |
4 | underground cable | 244.63 | 148.83 | 0.61 |
5 | underground cable | 331.50 | 274.36 | 0.83 |
6 | underground cable | 255.70 | 184.33 | 0.72 |
7 | underground cable | 85.05 | 71.25 | 0.84 |
8 | underground cable | 286.10 | 274.10 | 0.96 |
9 | underground cable | 265.85 | 171.75 | 0.65 |
10 | overhead line | 76.16 | 51.18 | 0.67 |
11 | overhead line | 63.35 | 6.98 | 0.11 |
Earth Fault No. | Earth Fault Location | Number of Clear, Sharp Extremes in Cable Core Current | Number of Extremes in Cable Screen Current | Number of Coinciding Extremes | 50 Hz | 50 Hz |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | underground cable | 10 | 10 | 10 | 0.97 | 1.75 |
2 | underground cable | 11 | 11 | 11 | 0.95 | 1.62 |
3 | underground cable | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0.94 | 2.7 |
4 | underground cable | 9 | 9 | 9 | 0.96 | 1.98 |
5 | underground cable | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0.94 | 1.44 |
6 | underground cable | 7 | 4 | 4 | 0.93 | 3.35 |
7 | underground cable | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0.93 | 2.79 |
8 | underground cable | 8 | 8 | 8 | 0.97 | 1.85 |
9 | underground cable | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0.97 | 1.36 |
10 | overhead line | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0.05 | 81.3 |
11 | overhead line | 5 | 10 | 0 | 0.02 | 86.9 |
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Łowczowski, K.; Olejnik, B. Monitoring, Detection and Locating of Transient Earth Fault Using Zero-Sequence Current and Cable Screen Earthing Current in Medium Voltage Cable and Mixed Feeders. Energies 2022, 15, 1066. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15031066
Łowczowski K, Olejnik B. Monitoring, Detection and Locating of Transient Earth Fault Using Zero-Sequence Current and Cable Screen Earthing Current in Medium Voltage Cable and Mixed Feeders. Energies. 2022; 15(3):1066. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15031066
Chicago/Turabian StyleŁowczowski, Krzysztof, and Bartosz Olejnik. 2022. "Monitoring, Detection and Locating of Transient Earth Fault Using Zero-Sequence Current and Cable Screen Earthing Current in Medium Voltage Cable and Mixed Feeders" Energies 15, no. 3: 1066. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15031066