A Sensitivity-Based Three-Phase Weather-Dependent Power Flow Algorithm for Networks with Local Voltage Controllers

Round 1

Reviewer 1 Report

In this paper, a load flow algorithm for unbalanced distribution networks, incorporating local voltage controllers is proposed. To increase the performance of the algorithm, the authors consider the influence of weather factors on the network parameters as well. This paper can be considered for publication, if the following concerns are addressed:  

1. For a better interpretation of the voltage results, the per unit system should be used instead of Volts.
2. A flowchart for the proposed algorithm should be provided to clarify the solving steps.
3. In the results section, the performance of the proposed algorithm is compared to the algorithms from [1] and [3]. Please provide an extended description of these algorithms.

Author Response

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Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Reviewer 2 Report

The paper is interesting, has significant contributions and it is well written and organized. Some suggestions are provided below:

1-In the second paragraph of the introduction, the authors affirm that '' accurate and computationally efficient integration
of LVCs in the power flow is essential for the efficient implementation of DMS optimization functions and state estimation of distribution networks.'' The authors are encouraged to add some references within this context including distribution state estimation algorithms using phasor measurmenet units to support the research article;

2- Please insert keywords in the abstract;

3- In subsection 2.3, the authors are encouraged to incorporate some aditional references presenting some other methods for calcultating three-phase power flows in distribution networs, such as:

[1] Three-phase power flow calculations using the current injection method PAN Garcia, JLR Pereira, S Carneiro, VM Da Costa, N Martins. IEEE Transactions on power systems 15 (2), 508-514

[2] An interval power flow for unbalanced distribution systems based on the Three-Phase Current Injection Method HMR Junior, ID Melo, EG Nepomuceno. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 139, 107921

4- Conclusions should be extended highlinghting the contributions of the research article.

Author Response

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Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Reviewer 3 Report

Local voltage controllers (LVCs) are important components of a modern distribution system for regulating the voltage within permissible limits. This manuscript presents a sensitivity based three-phase weather-dependent power flow algorithm for distribution networks with LVCs. More specifically, the proposed algorithm has four distinct characteristics: a) it considers the three phase unbalanced nature of distribution systems, I have few question from this section:

1. Why implicit Z-Bus power flow algorithm has been used not other efficient power algorithms (Backward forward sweep, BIBC method etc.)?
2. How the thermal modeling of ever components have been done? Please provide a brief summary.
3. How the LVC operating in the presence of DERs have been taken into account.
4. Please include the latest literatures related to load flow algorithms.
5. Krishna Murari and Narayana Prasad Padhy "Graph-theoretic based approach for the load-flow solution of three-phase distribution network in the presence of distributed generations," IET Generation Transmission and Distribution (IET), vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 1627-1640, 2020.
6. R. Verma and V. Sarkar, “Active distribution network load flow analysis through non-repetitive fbs iterations with integrated dg and transformer modelling,” IET Generation, Transmission Distribution, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 478–484, 2019.
7. X. Wang, M. Shahidehpour, C. Jiang, W. Tian, Z. Li, and Y. Yao, “Three- phase distribution power flow calculation for loop-based microgrids,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 3955–3967, 2018
8. How the PV bus model will affect your sensitivity analysis?

 

1. b) the operating state of LVCs is calculated using sensitivity parameters having accelerated convergence, c) it considers the precise switching sequence of LVCs based on their reaction time delays, and d) the nonlinear influence of weather variations in the power flow is also taken into consideration. Simulations and validation results presented indicate that the proposed approach outperforms other existing algorithms with respect t the accuracy and speed of convergence, thus making it a promising power flow tool for accurate distribution system analysis. These parts are very clear.

Author Response

Please see the attachement.

Author Response File: Author Response.docx