Assessment of ANN Algorithms for the Concentration Prediction of Indoor Air Pollutants in Child Daycare Centers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Machine Learning Applications for the Prediction of Indoor Air Quality
3. Methodology
3.1. Collection of Training Data Set
3.2. Indoor Pollutant Concentration Prediction Model
4. Results
4.1. CO2
4.2. PM2.5
4.3. VOCs
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Value | |
---|---|---|
Number of hidden layers | 1, 3, 5 | |
Number of neurons | 20 | |
Epochs | 100 | |
Data | Training | 7142 (80%) |
Testing | 1785 (20%) |
Calibration Type | Index | ASHRAE Guideline 14 [50] |
---|---|---|
Monthly | MBE_monthly | ±5% |
CvRMSE_monthly | 15% | |
Hourly | MBE_hourly | ±10% |
CvRMSE_hourly | 30% |
Training Algorithm | Hidden Layers-1 | Hidden Layers-3 | Hidden Layers-5 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CV(RMSE) (%) | MBE (%) | CV(RMSE) (%) | MBE (%) | CV(RMSE) (%) | MBE (%) | |
LM | 4.04 | 7.53 | 4.06 | 8.03 | 4.47 | 8.56 |
BR | 4.06 | 7.53 | 4.15 | 7.98 | 4.21 | 8.06 |
BFG | 5.26 | 9.86 | 7.65 | 10.16 | 12.54 | 10.86 |
Training Algorithm | Hidden Layers-1 | Hidden Layers-3 | Hidden Layers-5 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CV(RMSE) (%) | MBE (%) | CV(RMSE) (%) | MBE (%) | CV(RMSE) (%) | MBE (%) | |
LM | 13.24 | 4.44 | 13.76 | 5.17 | 13.73 | 5.49 |
BR | 13.17 | 3.62 | 13.27 | 3.91 | 13.31 | 4.25 |
BFG | 13.79 | 5.66 | 18.60 | 6.52 | 27.90 | 6.69 |
Training Algorithm | Hidden Layers-1 | Hidden Layers-3 | Hidden Layers-5 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CV(RMSE) (%) | MBE (%) | CV(RMSE) (%) | MBE (%) | CV(RMSE) (%) | MBE (%) | |
LM | 10.81 | 8.89 | 10.98 | 9.35 | 11.12 | 8.96 |
BR | 11.06 | 9.10 | 14.11 | 10.19 | 15.65 | 10.37 |
BFG | 14.57 | 10.68 | 14.58 | 10.79 | 26.52 | 11.25 |
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Kim, J.; Hong, Y.; Seong, N.; Kim, D.D. Assessment of ANN Algorithms for the Concentration Prediction of Indoor Air Pollutants in Child Daycare Centers. Energies 2022, 15, 2654. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15072654
Kim J, Hong Y, Seong N, Kim DD. Assessment of ANN Algorithms for the Concentration Prediction of Indoor Air Pollutants in Child Daycare Centers. Energies. 2022; 15(7):2654. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15072654
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Jeeheon, Yongsug Hong, Namchul Seong, and Daeung Danny Kim. 2022. "Assessment of ANN Algorithms for the Concentration Prediction of Indoor Air Pollutants in Child Daycare Centers" Energies 15, no. 7: 2654. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15072654