Modeling of Large-Scale Thermal Power Plants for Performance Prediction in Deep Peak Shaving
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- A modeling method for the performance prediction of large-scale thermal power plants during deep peak shaving is proposed;
- (2)
- Parameter coupling is fully considered in the model’s construction, and three-layer iterative logic is adopted in the algorithm design of the model. In the innermost layer, a mechanism analysis of the condenser’s heat transfer characteristics is used as the constraint for the end of the iterative calculation of exhaust pressure. In the middle layer, the Flugel formula is used as the constraint for the end of the iteration calculation of the extraction pressure at each extraction point. In the outermost layer, the power balance equation is used as the constraint for the end of the iterative calculation of the main steam flow. Through the model design of the three-layer iterative cycle mode, the extraction coefficient and condensation coefficient can be used as the coupling point; synchronous iterative calculations of exhaust flow, exhaust pressure and exhaust enthalpy are realized; and the mechanisms of the coupling relationships between various parameters can be analyzed. The corrected values of all steam and water parameters of the system and the flow of groups at all levels after parameter disturbance are thereby obtained;
- (3)
- The accuracy of the model is verified by the measured data of the power plant;
- (4)
- The influence of different types of disturbance parameters on the performance of thermal power units when these units participate in deep peak shaving are reported. In addition, the change laws of unit performance indexes when the cycle parameters (main steam and reheat steam parameters) are disturbed are predicted, as well as the change laws of unit performance indexes when the energy efficiency parameters of the main and auxiliary equipment (high-pressure cylinder efficiency and end difference) are disturbed.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Performance Prediction Modeling
2.2. Characteristic Model of Flow Passage
2.2.1. Calculation of Extraction Pressure
2.2.2. Stage Group Efficiency Calculation
- Efficiency calculation of the regulating stage
- 2.
- Intermediate stage efficiency calculation
- 3.
- Final stage efficiency calculation
2.2.3. Extraction Enthalpy and Temperature Calculation
2.3. Characteristic Model of the Heater
2.3.1. Change in Inlet and Outlet Parameters
2.3.2. Extraction Enthalpy and Temperature Calculation
2.4. Characteristic Model of the Condenser
2.4.1. Condenser Pressure Calculation
2.4.2. Determination Method of the Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient of the Condenser
3. Results with Analysis
3.1. Model Validation
3.2. Simulation of Performance Prediction Model under Parameter Disturbance
3.2.1. Main Steam Pressure Disturbances
3.2.2. Main Steam Temperature Disturbances
3.2.3. Reheated Steam Temperature Disturbances
3.2.4. Heater Terminal Temperature Difference Disturbance
3.2.5. High-Pressure Cylinder Efficiency Disturbances
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The proposed prediction model is verified, with 90%, 80% and 60% load conditions selected for calculation and verification. The relative error of the unit thermal efficiency, calculated according to the prediction model, is within ±0.2%. The calculation results show that the prediction model can be verified by the actual unit test data, with high accuracy;
- (2)
- The rated load of the unit is 300 MW (100% load) for a unit participating in deep peak shaving, and the 90%, 80%, 75%, 50%, 40% and 30% load conditions are selected for calculation; the minimum load of the unit is 90 MW (30% load). Under each determined output power load, with an increase in the main steam temperature, reheater temperature, and high-pressure cylinder efficiency, the unit thermal efficiency increases accordingly. The unit thermal efficiency shows a downward trend with the increase in the heater end difference;
- (3)
- For a unit participating in deep peak shaving, when the main steam pressure in-creases compared with the reference working condition, the unit thermal efficiency decreases with the decrease in unit load; when the main steam pressure decreases compared with the reference working condition, the unit thermal efficiency increases with the decrease in unit load;
- (4)
- For a unit participating in deep peak shaving, the #7 heater terminal temperature difference has a greater impact on the unit thermal efficiency than the #1 heater terminal temperature difference.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
β | The Pengtaimen coefficient |
εn | The pressure ratio before and after the stage group |
εc | The critical pressure ratio before and after the stage group |
p | The steam pressure (MPa) |
T | The thermodynamic temperature (K) |
Drh | The steam flow (t/h) |
h | The steam enthalpy (kJ/kg) |
ηi | The final stage efficiency |
ε | The last stage pressure ratio |
ts | The saturation temperature of the exhaust (°C) |
tw1 | The circulating water inlet temperature (°C) |
Δt | The temperature rise in the circulating water (°C); |
δt | The condenser terminal temperature difference (°C) |
Dc | The exhaust volume into the condenser (t/h) |
cw | The specific heat capacity of the circulating cooling water (kJ/(kg·K)) |
φw | The cooling water flow rate and pipe diameter correction factor |
cw | The flow rate of cooling water in the pipe (m/s), generally 1.5~2.5 (m/s) |
d1 | The inner diameter of the cooling water pipe (mm) |
φt | The correction coefficient of the cooling water inlet temperature |
φz | The correction coefficient of the cooling water flow number, Z |
φd | The correction coefficient of condenser per area steam load, |
Subscripts, superscripts and accents | |
0 | The parameters under reference working conditions |
1 | The parameters under variable working conditions |
j | The stage group j |
rh | The reheater |
sj | The saturation pressure in the heater |
wj | The outlet water temperature of the heater |
dj | The drain water of the heater |
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Load | 50% | 60% | 75% | 85% |
---|---|---|---|---|
Exhaust enthalpy test value (kJ/kg) | 2369.18 | 2361.68 | 2377.57 | 2357.88 |
Exhaust enthalpy calculated value (kJ/kg) | 2368.54 | 2360.04 | 2378.02 | 2359.62 |
Error (%) | −0.03 | −0.07 | 0.02 | 0.07 |
Number | Heater Parameters | Auxiliary Steam Parameters | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
hj | hwj | hdj | qj | αfk | hfk | qfk | |
kJ/kg | kJ/kg | kJ/kg | kJ/kg | / | kJ/kg | kJ/kg | |
1 | 2604.4 | 220.9 | 232.9 | 2465.1 | 0.006006 | 3383.7 | 2310.1 |
2 | 2725.8 | 375.2 | 387.3 | 2504.9 | 0.0082827 | 3319.6 | 2693.7 |
3 | 2932.1 | 532.5 | 540.6 | 2391.5 | 0.0015956 | 3151.9 | 2931.0 |
4 | 3050.6 | 625.9 | 625.6 | 2425.0 | 0.00024491 | 3435.7 | 3296.4 |
5 | 3153.0 | 697.0 | - | 2527.1 | 0.00027072 | 3508.6 | 2760.2 |
6 | 3331.6 | 835.3 | 748.4 | 2583.2 | 0.0010685 | 3565.9 | 2940 |
7 | 3072.1 | 1038.5 | 862.6 | 2209.5 | 0.0014263 | 3445.2 | 3224.3 |
8 | 3155.4 | 1145.9 | 1073.6 | 2081.8 | 0.0009401 | 1581.4 | 1442.1 |
Load Rate | Pel (MW) | p0 (MPa) | p8 (MPa) | p7 (MPa) | p6 (MPa) | p5 (MPa) | p4 (MPa) | p3 (MPa) | p2 (MPa) | p1 (MPa) | pc (kPa) | ηi | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TestData | 100% | 299.9 | 16.71 | 6.052 | 3.674 | 1.704 | 0.945 | 0.547 | 0.281 | 0.135 | 0.095 | 9.169 | 0.414 |
90% | 269.6 | 16.69 | 5.322 | 3.319 | 1.538 | 0.854 | 0.494 | 0.255 | 0.132 | 0.096 | 8.650 | 0.411 | |
80% | 239.6 | 16.79 | 4.751 | 2.930 | 1.351 | 0.748 | 0.433 | 0.224 | 0.125 | 0.094 | 6.899 | 0.411 | |
70% | 209.7 | 16.79 | 4.184 | 2.596 | 1.193 | 0.659 | 0.381 | 0.198 | 0.121 | 0.094 | 7.691 | 0.408 | |
60% | 179.9 | 10.29 | 3.609 | 2.225 | 1.022 | 0.577 | 0.332 | 0.173 | 0.117 | 0.094 | 5.968 | 0.407 | |
50% | 150.0 | 10.78 | 3.012 | 1.879 | 0.859 | 0.482 | 0.277 | 0.145 | 0.112 | 0.095 | 6.414 | 0.402 | |
Prediction Data | 90% | 270.1 | 16.70 | 5.352 | 3.401 | 1.553 | 0.855 | 0.505 | 0.260 | 0.135 | 0.098 | 8.890 | 0.411 |
Error (%) | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.8 | −0.1 | |
80% | 240.2 | 16.75 | 4.851 | 2.981 | 1.332 | 0.768 | 0.422 | 0.234 | 0.121 | 0.097 | 6.651 | 0.411 | |
Error (%) | 0.2 | −0.2 | 2.1 | 1.7 | −1.4 | 2.7 | −2.6 | 4.6 | −3.4 | 2.8 | −3.6 | 0.05 | |
60% | 180.1 | 10.43 | 3.622 | 2.238 | 1.051 | 0.598 | 0.321 | 0.178 | 0.119 | 0.095 | 6.138 | 0.406 | |
Error (%) | 0.1 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 2.8 | 3.7 | −3.2 | 3.1 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 2.9 | −0.2 |
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Liu, S.; Shen, J. Modeling of Large-Scale Thermal Power Plants for Performance Prediction in Deep Peak Shaving. Energies 2022, 15, 3171. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093171
Liu S, Shen J. Modeling of Large-Scale Thermal Power Plants for Performance Prediction in Deep Peak Shaving. Energies. 2022; 15(9):3171. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093171
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Sha, and Jiong Shen. 2022. "Modeling of Large-Scale Thermal Power Plants for Performance Prediction in Deep Peak Shaving" Energies 15, no. 9: 3171. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093171