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Article

Past and Future of Permafrost Monitoring: Stability of Russian Energetic Infrastructure

by
Vladimir P. Melnikov
1,2,3,
Victor I. Osipov
4,
Anatoli V. Brouchkov
2,5,
Svetlana V. Badina
6,7,
Marat R. Sadurtdinov
1,
Dmitry S. Drozdov
1,8,
Galina V. Malkova
1,
Mikhail N. Zheleznyak
9,
Oleg V. Zhdaneev
10,
Nikolay A. Ostarkov
11,
Alexei B. Osokin
12,
Dmitrii O. Sergeev
4,
Vladimir A. Dubrovin
13,
Mikhail E. Kuznetsov
11,
Konstantin N. Frolov
10,
Andrey G. Alekseev
14,15 and
Roman Y. Fedorov
1,2,*
1
Earth Cryosphere Institute, Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, 86 Malygina Str., Tyumen 625026, Russia
2
International Institute of Cryology and Cryosophy, Tyumen State University, 6 Volodarskogo Str., Tyumen 625003, Russia
3
Institute of Geology and Oil and Gas Production, Tyumen Industrial University, 38 Volodarskogo Str., Tyumen 625000, Russia
4
Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience RAS, 13 Ulanskii per., Bld. 2, Moscow 101000, Russia
5
Geology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
6
Laboratory of Regional Policy and Regional Investment Processes, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny per., Moscow 117997, Russia
7
Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
8
Department of Engineering Geology, Russian State University for Geological Prospecting (MGRI), 23 Mikluho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
9
Melnikov Permafrost Insitute SB RAS, 36 Merzlotnaya Str., Yakutsk 677010, Russia
10
Russian Energy Agency, Prospect Mira, 105, Moscow 129085, Russia
11
FASI “Vostokgosplan”, 8 Lev Tolstoy Str., Khabarovsk 119121, Russia
12
Nadymgazprom, 14 Pionerskaya Str., Nadym 629730, Russia
13
Gidrospetsgeologiya, 4 Marshala Rybalko Str., Moscow 123060, Russia
14
Gersevanov NIIOSP, 6, 2nd Institutskaya Str., Moscow 109428, Russia
15
NRU MGSU, 26, Yaroslavskoye Shosse, Moscow 129337, Russia
 
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2022, 15(9), 3190; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093190
Submission received: 20 January 2022 / Revised: 17 March 2022 / Accepted: 25 April 2022 / Published: 27 April 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Challenges of Cryosphere Transformation and Geotechnical Safety of Constructions in the Arctic)
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Abstract

This study is an attempt to suggest a new state system of permafrost monitoring, primarily for energetic infrastructure, based on past approaches and achievements in Russia for over a hundred years of Arctic studies. The methodology of this study is based on general theoretical methods of scientific research. Historical (retrospective analysis of the development of the monitoring system of long-term permafrost in Russia) and logical (inductive generalization) methods were applied. The structure and methods of permafrost monitoring in the Soviet Union and new technologies used nowadays to establish permafrost monitoring systems, taking into account modern Arctic energetic development, have been analyzed.
Keywords: climate warming; permafrost; monitoring; thaw; damage; energetic infrastructure; Russian Arctic climate warming; permafrost; monitoring; thaw; damage; energetic infrastructure; Russian Arctic

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MDPI and ACS Style

Melnikov, V.P.; Osipov, V.I.; Brouchkov, A.V.; Badina, S.V.; Sadurtdinov, M.R.; Drozdov, D.S.; Malkova, G.V.; Zheleznyak, M.N.; Zhdaneev, O.V.; Ostarkov, N.A.; et al. Past and Future of Permafrost Monitoring: Stability of Russian Energetic Infrastructure. Energies 2022, 15, 3190. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093190

AMA Style

Melnikov VP, Osipov VI, Brouchkov AV, Badina SV, Sadurtdinov MR, Drozdov DS, Malkova GV, Zheleznyak MN, Zhdaneev OV, Ostarkov NA, et al. Past and Future of Permafrost Monitoring: Stability of Russian Energetic Infrastructure. Energies. 2022; 15(9):3190. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093190

Chicago/Turabian Style

Melnikov, Vladimir P., Victor I. Osipov, Anatoli V. Brouchkov, Svetlana V. Badina, Marat R. Sadurtdinov, Dmitry S. Drozdov, Galina V. Malkova, Mikhail N. Zheleznyak, Oleg V. Zhdaneev, Nikolay A. Ostarkov, and et al. 2022. "Past and Future of Permafrost Monitoring: Stability of Russian Energetic Infrastructure" Energies 15, no. 9: 3190. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093190

APA Style

Melnikov, V. P., Osipov, V. I., Brouchkov, A. V., Badina, S. V., Sadurtdinov, M. R., Drozdov, D. S., Malkova, G. V., Zheleznyak, M. N., Zhdaneev, O. V., Ostarkov, N. A., Osokin, A. B., Sergeev, D. O., Dubrovin, V. A., Kuznetsov, M. E., Frolov, K. N., Alekseev, A. G., & Fedorov, R. Y. (2022). Past and Future of Permafrost Monitoring: Stability of Russian Energetic Infrastructure. Energies, 15(9), 3190. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093190

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