A Novel Solution for Solving the Frequency Regulation Problem of Renewable Interlinked Power System Using Fusion of AI
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- To model a two-area interlinked power system with coal-based generation and with an equal capacity for each area. These systems’ areas are connected via an AC tie-line.
- To model the solar PV model in the transfer function domain and to interlink it in the coal-based power system. To model the wind system with DFIG and to use this model to assist in frequency excursion of the power system.
- To interlink the concept of Fuzzy Type-2 with fractional-order PID and result in a Fuzzy Type-2 FOPID for a renewable integrating power system. The proposed design is tested for various cases, including and without including non-linearity, and the application results are shown graphically to demonstrate the benefits of the proposed research work.
2. Modeling of Renewable Interlinked Power System
2.1. Interlinked Power System with Wind and Solar Energy Systems
2.2. Solar PV System
- = Output current of PV array;
- = Array current generated by the incident sunlight;
- = Reverse saturation current of the PV array;
- = Output voltage of the PV array;
- = Equivalent series resistance of the array;
- = Equivalent parallel resistance of the array;
- = Diode quality factor (ranging 0–2);
- = Boltzmann constant (1.380649 × 10−23 m2 kg s−2 K−1);
- = Temperature (°C or K).
- = Irradiance (0–2500 W/m2);
- = Short-circuit current.
- = Inductance (H);
- = Capacitance (F);
- = Resistance (Ω);
- = Output voltage (V);
- = Photovoltaic voltage (V).
- = Current in the inductor (A).
2.3. Wind Turbine System
3. Modeling of Fuzzy Type-2 FOPID Controller
4. Simulation and Analysis of Results
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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ACE/dACE | NB | NM | NS | ZE | PS | PM | PB |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NB | NB | NB | NB | NB | NM | NS | ZE |
NM | NB | NB | NB | NM | NS | ZE | PS |
NS | NB | NB | NM | NS | ZE | PS | PM |
ZE | NL | NM | NS | ZE | PS | PM | PB |
PS | NM | NS | ZE | PS | PM | PB | PB |
PM | NS | ZE | PS | PM | PB | PB | PB |
PB | ZE | PS | PM | PB | PB | PB | PB |
Rule | Statement |
---|---|
1 | If ACE is A and dACE is A, then dACE is NB |
2 | If ACE is B and dACE is A, then dACE is NM |
3 | If ACE is C and dACE is A, then dACE is NS |
4 | If ACE is D and dACE is A, then dACE is ZE |
5 | If ACE is E and dACE is A, then dACE is PS |
6 | If ACE is F and dACE is A, then dACE is PM |
7 | If ACE is G and dACE is A, then dACE is PB |
Controllers | ITAE |
---|---|
PID with no RES | 0.9433 |
PID with RES | 2.269 |
FOPID with RES | 0.02066 |
FT1-FOPID with RES | 0.01362 |
FT2-FOPID with RES | 0.009286 |
Controllers | IAE |
---|---|
PID with no RES | 0.05726 |
PID with RES | 0.08157 |
FOPID with RES | 0.007249 |
FT1-FOPID with RES | 0.001953 |
FT2-FOPID with RES | 0.001161 |
Controllers | ITAE |
---|---|
PID with no RES | 2.093 |
PID with RES | 4.057 |
FOPID with RES | 0.06176 |
FT1-FOPID with RES | 0.0401 |
FT2-FOPID with RES | 0.02749 |
Controllers | IAE |
---|---|
PID with no RES | 0.1139 |
PID with RES | 0.1638 |
FOPID with RES | 0.02205 |
FT1-FOPID with RES | 0.005757 |
FT2-FOPID with RES | 0.00347 |
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Kader, M.O.A.; Akindeji, K.T.; Sharma, G. A Novel Solution for Solving the Frequency Regulation Problem of Renewable Interlinked Power System Using Fusion of AI. Energies 2022, 15, 3376. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093376
Kader MOA, Akindeji KT, Sharma G. A Novel Solution for Solving the Frequency Regulation Problem of Renewable Interlinked Power System Using Fusion of AI. Energies. 2022; 15(9):3376. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093376
Chicago/Turabian StyleKader, Mohammed Ozayr Abdul, Kayode Timothy Akindeji, and Gulshan Sharma. 2022. "A Novel Solution for Solving the Frequency Regulation Problem of Renewable Interlinked Power System Using Fusion of AI" Energies 15, no. 9: 3376. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093376