Opportunities and Challenges for Research on Heat Recovery from Wastewater: Bibliometric and Strategic Analyses
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Presentation of the results of the bibliometric analysis of publications in wastewater heat recovery domain (Section 3.1).
- Presentation of the latest research on the use of wastewater heat exchangers (Section 3.2.1) and wastewater heat pumps (Section 3.3.1), as well as WHRSs in industrial facilities (Section 3.4).
- Indication of strengths and weaknesses of wastewater heat exchangers (Section 3.2.2) and wastewater heat pumps (Section 3.3.2).
- Identification of potential opportunities and threats for the development of wastewater heat recovery technology based on the use of heat exchangers (Section 3.2.3) and heat pumps (Section 3.3.3).
- Discussion of the aspirations of wastewater heat recovery systems based on the use of heat exchangers (Section 3.2.4) and heat pumps (Section 3.3.4), as well as the results that are possible to achieve.
- Indication of examples of the use of WHRSs in practice (Section 3.5).
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Bibliometric Analysis
2.2. SWOT and SOAR Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Bibliometric Analysis
3.2. Heat Recovery in Residential and Commercial Buildings Using Wastewater Heat Exchangers
3.2.1. The Latest Research on the Use of Wastewater Heat Exchangers
3.2.2. Strengths and Weaknesses
3.2.3. Opportunities and Threats
3.2.4. Aspirations and Results
3.3. Heat Recovery from Wastewater Using Heat Pumps
3.3.1. The Latest Research on the Use of Wastewater Heat Pumps
Authors | Aim of the Paper | Source Title |
---|---|---|
Zhang et al. [120] | Analysis of the operation of a domestic hot water installation based on the use of solar collectors and a wastewater heat pump using the TRNSYS | Energy (Elsevier) |
Todorović et al. [124] | Demonstration of a domestic hot water preparation system in a hotel based on a heat pump, where the lower energy source is greywater and rainwater | Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (Springer) |
Pokhrel et al. [119] | Economic, technical, and environmental analysis of utilizing two methods to replace conventional heat sources for space heating and water heating, including wastewater heat pump, in two multi-family buildings | Energy and Buildings (Elsevier) |
Qin and Tian [127] | Demonstration of a wastewater heat pump system with a plate heat exchanger and wastewater filter | Heat and Mass Transfer (Springer) |
Kim et al. [118] | Experimental research of two types of HPs applied in block heating and cooling networks | Energies (MDPI) |
Zhu et al. [128] | Investigation of the relationship between various parameters related to the application of a wastewater HP, such as flow rate and wastewater temperature, thermal power, and system location | Urban Water Journal (Taylor & Francis) |
Ali and Gillich [121] | Demonstration of the potential of raw and treated wastewater as a source of heat for HPs in London, along with the political implications for the UK’s district heating strategy | Building Services Engineering Research & Technology (Sage Publications) |
Fadnes et al. [129] | Presentation of a modern thermal energy plant consisting of wastewater heat pumps, a biogas boiler, thermal solar collectors, and greywater recycling, the concept of which was created as a result of cooperation between three partners: the industrial plant designer, the municipal plant owner, and the local academic institution | Frontiers in Energy Research (Frontiers Media) |
Łokietek et al. [35] | Determining the potential of wastewater heat recovery in various sections of a wastewater treatment plant on the example of a facility located in Poland | Energies (MDPI) |
Wang et al. [130] | Analysis of the feasibility of utilizing reclaimed water from a wastewater treatment plant as a lower energy source for a heat pump to provide heating buildings in a district heating network | Energy Technology (Wiley) |
3.3.2. Strengths and Weaknesses
3.3.3. Opportunities and Threats
3.3.4. Aspirations and Results
3.4. Heat Recovery in Industrial Facilities
3.5. Heat Recovery from Wastewater in Real Conditions
3.5.1. Examples of the Use of Wastewater Heat Recovery Technology
3.5.2. Evaluation of the Economic Aspects
4. Conclusions
- The greatest interest in research on wastewater heat recovery is observed in such countries as China, USA, Turkey, United Kingdom, and Sweden.
- The most influential journals in terms of number of publications are Energy and Buildings, Applied Thermal Engineering and Energies, while in terms of the average number of citations it is Energy Conversion and Management.
- The number of publications on wastewater heat recovery has been growing steadily since 2007. In recent years, it ranged from 30 to 50 items per year.
- The keywords referring to the use of wastewater heat recovery technology in buildings and wastewater treatment plants are most often cited.
- In recent years, scientists have focused on analyses related to the optimization of heat recovery systems and the impact of this technology on the environment, as well as on the integration of wastewater heat recovery systems with other alternative energy sources.
- The use of wastewater HPs is particularly recommended in places where significant amount of wastewater is available as an energy source. These can be WWTPs, sewage networks or large residential and commercial buildings. In smaller building installations wastewater HEs can be successfully used.
- Both methods of recovering the heat deposited in wastewater are an effective tool for implementing the circular economy and sustainable development goals.
- Wastewater is a relatively stable and widely available source of energy that can be used together with other renewable energy sources, both in local systems and large-capacity installations.
- Recovering heat from raw wastewater, even for local systems, carries the risk of potentially adversely affecting wastewater treatment processes. For this reason, the scale of heat recovery should be adapted to individual conditions each time.
- The selection of the WHRS and the materials used should be preceded by a thorough analysis of the quality of wastewater, which may have a potentially aggressive impact on the components of the installation.
- Properly conducted pro-environmental and legislative policy, educational initiatives for society and an effective system of financial incentives, which will result in increasing the profitability of wastewater HEs and HPs and improving social acceptance, may contribute to the application of WHRSs.
- Optimization of wastewater heat recovery technology, production costs of individual devices, as well as their installation are also of great importance.
- The increase in the degree of implementation of WHRSs, especially HPs, will increase energy security through diversification of the energy sources used, which will also improve the condition of the economy and the environment.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ovadia and Sharqawy [85] | Experimental and analytical analyses aimed at determining the transient characteristics of the vertical drain water heat recovery unit | Case Studies in Thermal Engineering (Elsevier) |
Singh et al. [86] | Analysis of heat recovery from commercial kitchen grease traps using two different HEs designs | Journal of Cleaner Production (Elsevier) |
Jadwiszczak and Niemierka [87] | Experimental studies of a horizontal plate heat exchanger with determination of its thermal efficiency and the number of heat transfer units under balanced and unbalanced flow conditions | International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer (Elsevier) |
Kordana-Obuch and Starzec [23] | Analysis of the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the horizontal shower heat exchanger by installing baffles | Energies (MDPI) |
Piotrowska and Słyś [21] | Analysis of the efficiency of the HE in the form of linear drainage with a wavy middle wall | Journal of Building Engineering (Elsevier) |
Jaleel and Jaffal [88] | Experimental assessment of the influence of the shape of the fins on the efficiency of the phase change material-based HE | Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (Global Digital Central) |
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Ravichandran et al. [75] | Evaluation of the impact of local conditions on the legitimacy of using drain water heat recovery systems and a comparison of these systems with a medium-scale district heating network | Journal of Cleaner Production (Elsevier) |
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Authors | Aim of the Paper | Source Title |
---|---|---|
Seo et al. [32] | The efficiency research of three design variants of a high temperature wastewater heat recovery system in the textile industry, consisting of a heat exchanger and a water tank; the three analyzed configurations of the integrated heat recovery system were developed based on the lower temperature limit of the wastewater | Energies (MDPI) |
Dimoglo et al. [140] | Research conducted for a pilot installation concerning the reuse of wastewater from industrial laundries, including the analysis of the efficiency of waste heat recovery | International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology (Springer) |
Lu et al. [153] | Thermodynamic and economic analysis of a high temperature cascade heat pump system using low-temperature wastewater heat to generate steam for industrial processes | Processes (MDPI) |
Sun et al. [154] | Research on the prototype of a sinusoidal-corrugated plate heat exchanger and thermoelectric modules for heat recovery from industrial wastewater, including comparative analyses of heat exchange efficiency with a plate heat exchanger | Energy Conversion and Management (Elsevier) |
Kim et al. [151] | Research on the energy efficiency of the heat exchanger network in the heat recovery system from wastewater from the textile industry | Energies (MDPI) |
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Kordana-Obuch, S.; Wojtoń, M.; Starzec, M.; Piotrowska, B. Opportunities and Challenges for Research on Heat Recovery from Wastewater: Bibliometric and Strategic Analyses. Energies 2023, 16, 6370. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16176370
Kordana-Obuch S, Wojtoń M, Starzec M, Piotrowska B. Opportunities and Challenges for Research on Heat Recovery from Wastewater: Bibliometric and Strategic Analyses. Energies. 2023; 16(17):6370. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16176370
Chicago/Turabian StyleKordana-Obuch, Sabina, Michał Wojtoń, Mariusz Starzec, and Beata Piotrowska. 2023. "Opportunities and Challenges for Research on Heat Recovery from Wastewater: Bibliometric and Strategic Analyses" Energies 16, no. 17: 6370. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16176370