The Pyrolysis Behaviors of Blended Pellets of Pine Wood and Urea-Formaldehyde Resin
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
Elemental Analysis (wt%) | Industrial Analysis (wt%) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | H | O1 | N | S | M | V | A | FC | |
UF resin | 33.65 | 5.46 | 32.23 | 17.50 | 0 | 9.78 | 74.17 | 1.38 | 14.67 |
PW | 33.25 | 4.52 | 24.27 | 0.90 | 0.29 | 5.28 | 56.84 | 31.49 | 6.39 |
Chlorella Vulgaris [13] | 49.71 | 7.21 | 24.66 | 8.75 | 0.54 | 1.89 | 75.42 | 9.13 | 13.56 |
Rice husk [13] | 40.10 | 5.09 | 40.93 | 0.44 | 0 | 11.23 | 66.74 | 13.44 | 8.59 |
Moso Bamboo [14] | 44.87 | 5.73 | 38.32 | 0.71 | 0.01 | 8.67 | 74.81 | 2.56 | 13.96 |
Eucalyptus Dunnii [15] | 45.67 | 6.50 | 46.74 | 0.14 | 0.96 | 4.37 | 84.86 | 0.31 | 14.83 |
2.2. Pellet Preparation Experiment
2.3. TG-FTIR
2.4. PY-GC/MS
2.5. The Interaction Effect of Co-Pyrolysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effect of the Introduction of UF Resin on the Pyrolysis Characteristics of Blended Pellets
3.1.1. Pyrolysis Characteristics of PW Pellets
3.1.2. Pyrolysis Characteristics of UF Resin Pellets
3.1.3. Effect of UF Resin on Pyrolysis Characteristics of Blended Pellets
3.2. Gas Phase Product Analysis of Pyrolysis
3.3. Compositional Analysis of Liquid Phase Products of Co-Pyrolysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number | m/z | Molecular Formula | Compound Name | Area (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PW | PW:UF = 5:1 | PW:UF = 2:1 | UF resin | ||||
1 | 180 | C10H12O3 | Phenol,2,6-dimethoxy-4-vinyl- | 6.83 | 7.56 | 6.87 | - |
2 | 180 | C10H12O3 | 4-((1E)-3-Hydroxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxyphenol | 6.54 | 4.02 | 3.09 | - |
3 | 60 | C2H4O2 | Acetic acid | 4.77 | 5.25 | 3.92 | 0.82 |
4 | 154 | C8H10O3 | 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol | 4.71 | 6.02 | 5.33 | - |
5 | 89 | C3H7NO2 | Sarcosine | 4.66 | 8.81 | 10.91 | 17.27 |
6 | 194 | C11H14O3 | €-2,6-Dimethoxy-4-(prop-1-en-1-yl) phenol | 4.6 | 5.52 | 4.93 | - |
7 | 210 | C11H14O4 | trans-Sinapyl alcohol | 4.01 | 1.16 | 0.74 | - |
8 | 150 | C9H10O2 | 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxystyrene | 3.24 | 3.72 | 3.26 | - |
9 | 74 | C3H6O2 | Hydroxyacetone | 2.95 | 2.03 | 1.62 | - |
10 | 86 | C4H6O2 | Butanedial | 2.62 | - | - | - |
11 | 113 | C4H7N3O | Creatinine | 2.48 | - | - | - |
12 | 98 | C5H6O2 | 1,2-Cyclopentanedione | 2.31 | 2.67 | 1.87 | - |
13 | 168 | C9H12O3 | Phenol,2,6-dimethoxy-4-methyl- | 2.24 | 2.51 | 2.01 | - |
14 | 124 | C7H8O2 | Guaiacol | 2.14 | 2.64 | 2.1 | - |
15 | 164 | C10H12 | €(e)-isoeugenol | 2.09 | 2.64 | 2.27 | - |
16 | 72 | C4H8O | Cyclopropyl carbinol | 2.03 | - | 1.86 | - |
17 | 94 | C6H6O | Phenol | 1.99 | 2.08 | 2.04 | - |
18 | 104 | C4H8O3 | 1,2-Ethanediol,1-acetate | 1.91 | - | - | - |
19 | 130 | C4H3FN2O2 | 5-Fluorouracil | 1.62 | 1.06 | 0.77 | - |
20 | 138 | C8H10O2 | 2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol | 1.53 | 1.07 | 0.95 | - |
21 | 194 | C11H14O3 | Phenol,2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propen-1-yl)- | 1.35 | 1.5 | 1.93 | - |
22 | 210 | C11H14O4 | 2-Propanone,1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)- | 1.14 | 0.76 | 0.74 | - |
23 | 317 | C20H15NO3 | Benzoic acid, 2-[([1,1’-biphenyl]-4-ylamino) carbonyl]- | - | - | - | 9.39 |
24 | 162 | C6H10O5 | 1,6-anhydro-beta-d-glucopyranos | 5.98 | 1.25 | 2.08 | - |
25 | 102 | C4H6O3 | Methyl pyruvate | - | 1.88 | 1.97 | 5.84 |
26 | 144 | C6H8O4 | 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro-α- D-glucopyranose | 0.42 | - | - | 3.45 |
27 | 98 | C5H6O2 | 3-Furanmethanol | - | - | - | 2.7 |
28 | 71 | C4H9N | Cyclobutylamine | - | - | - | 2.58 |
29 | 84 | C4H8N2 | N, N-Dimethylglycinonitrile | - | - | - | 2.4 |
30 | 128 | C8H16O | 2,2-Dimethylcyclohexanol | - | - | - | 2.33 |
31 | 129 | C6H15N3 | hexahydro-1,3,5-trimethyl-s-triazin | - | - | - | 2.17 |
32 | 112 | C6H8O2 | Methyl cyclopentenolone | - | - | - | 1.68 |
33 | 109 | C6H7NO | 2-Acetyl pyrrole | - | - | - | 1.58 |
34 | 134 | C9H10O | Phenylacetone | - | - | - | 1.38 |
35 | 256 | C16H32O2 | Palmitic acid | - | 0.41 | 0.49 | 1.35 |
36 | 128 | C6H12N2O | 5-Amino-1-methyl-2-piperidinone | - | 0.36 | 0.46 | 1.15 |
37 | 88 | C4H12N2 | 1,3-Propanediamine, N1-methyl- | - | 1.93 | - | - |
38 | 164 | C10H12O2 | Phenol,2-methoxy-4-(1-propen-1-yl)- | - | 1.65 | - | - |
39 | 238 | C15H26O2 | 3-methyl-, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl ester, (E)-Butanoic acid | 0.01 | 1.2 | 0.06 | - |
40 | 362 | C18H22N2O4S | Thiazolidine-2,4-dione, 5-(2-methoxybenzylidene]-3-(2,6-dimethylmorpholinomethyl)- | - | - | 3.06 | - |
41 | 112 | C6H8O2 | 3-Methyl-1,2-cyclopentanedione | 1.02 | 1.86 | 1.98 | - |
42 | 84 | C4H4O2 | 2(5H)-Furanone | 1.15 | 1.55 | 1.73 | 1.97 |
43 | 98 | C5H6O2 | Furfuryl alcohol | 0.79 | 1.06 | 1.24 | - |
44 | 198 | C8H18N6 | 2,2’-Azobis-2-methylpropanimidamide | 0.08 | 1.28 | 1.21 | 0.08 |
45 | 152 | C9H12O2 | 4-Ethyl-2-methoxyphenol | 0.58 | 1.12 | 1.12 | - |
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Li, X.; Luo, S.; Zuo, Z.; Zhang, W.; Ren, D. The Pyrolysis Behaviors of Blended Pellets of Pine Wood and Urea-Formaldehyde Resin. Energies 2023, 16, 2049. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16042049
Li X, Luo S, Zuo Z, Zhang W, Ren D. The Pyrolysis Behaviors of Blended Pellets of Pine Wood and Urea-Formaldehyde Resin. Energies. 2023; 16(4):2049. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16042049
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Xiaoteng, Siyi Luo, Zongliang Zuo, Weiwei Zhang, and Dongdong Ren. 2023. "The Pyrolysis Behaviors of Blended Pellets of Pine Wood and Urea-Formaldehyde Resin" Energies 16, no. 4: 2049. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16042049