Study on the Effect of Initial Delamination on Tensile Behavior of Offshore Wind Turbine Blade Spar Cap
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Study of Initial Delamination
2.1. Delamintion Damage of Blade Spar Cap
2.2. Specimen Design and Test Process
2.3. Experimental Results and Disscussion
3. Numerical Analysis
3.1. Intralaminar Damage Model
3.2. Interlaminar Damage Model
3.3. Finite Element Model
3.4. Modeling Results and Discussion
4. Simulation and Prediction of Blade Laminate with Delamination
4.1. Influence of Delamination Size
4.2. Influence of Delamination Depth
5. Conclusions
- On the basis of comparison with the experimental results, the three-dimensional solid numerical model and progressive failure criterion used in this paper were able to effectively simulate and predict the progressive intralaminar and interlaminar damage process of composite laminates under tensile load, and the structural damage behavior was more comprehensive and detailed. The load–displacement distribution trend of the numerical simulation was consistent with that of the tests, and the overall failure load deviation was less than 6%.
- The main failure modes of laminates with initial delamination under tensile load were matrix tensile failure and interlaminar delamination damage. Initial delamination aggravated the stress transfer and caused the periphery to bear part of the load, leading to local fiber failure.
- For initial delamination at the same depths, differences in delamination area had little influence on tensile strength. The most dangerous locations of delamination were at the shallow surface and at the ratio of 0.3–0.4 in the thickness direction, and the maximum decrease in tensile strength was 14.86%. The delamination at the middle surface had no significant effect on tensile strength.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Marked ID | Delamination Area (mm) | Delamination Position h/H | Number of Specimens |
---|---|---|---|
A1 | 10 × 10 | 1/4 | 5 |
A2 | 15 × 15 | 1/4 | 5 |
A3 | 15 × 15 | 1/2 | 5 |
A4 | None | None | 5 |
Marked ID | Tensile Load (Kn) | Tensile Strength (Mpa) | Thick-Ness (mm) | Width (mm) | Mean Tensile Load (kN) | Dispersion Coefficient (%) | Effective Sample Quantity | Tensile Load Loss Rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1-1 | 107.692 | 1273 | 3.380 | 25.037 | 108.93 | 0.85 | 4 | 2.74 |
A1-2 | 108.83 | 1292 | 3.327 | 25.310 | ||||
A1-3 | 109.115 | 1285 | 3.350 | 25.357 | ||||
A1-4 | 110.074 | 1303 | 3.353 | 25.200 | ||||
A2-1 | 102.989 | 1202 | 3.390 | 25.280 | 107.11 | 0.32 | 5 | 4.79 |
A2-2 | 101.822 | 1181 | 3.390 | 25.423 | ||||
A2-3 | 108.384 | 1281 | 3.387 | 24.987 | ||||
A2-4 | 110.268 | 1278 | 3.397 | 25.400 | ||||
A2-5 | 112.102 | 1293 | 3.433 | 25.257 | ||||
A3-1 | 92.903 | 1163 | 3.403 | 23.467 | 99.4 | 0.74 | 5 | 11.25 |
A3-2 | 99.819 | 1166 | 3.350 | 25.550 | ||||
A3-3 | 101.253 | 1151 | 3.450 | 25.500 | ||||
A3-4 | 101.261 | 1172 | 3.443 | 25.090 | ||||
A3-5 | 101.848 | 1176 | 3.433 | 25.223 | ||||
A4-1 | 110.834 | 1290 | 3.407 | 25.227 | 112 | 1.53 | 5 | 0 |
A4-2 | 111.278 | 1269 | 3.433 | 25.553 | ||||
A4-3 | 112.166 | 1308 | 3.387 | 25.327 | ||||
A4-4 | 111.523 | 1299 | 3.370 | 25.477 | ||||
A4-5 | 114.198 | 1329 | 3.403 | 25.247 |
Failure Mode | Rules for Reduction of Materials |
---|---|
Fiber tensile | |
Fiber compression | |
Matrix tensile | , , |
Matrix compression | , , |
Ply Properties | Interface Properties [23] | ||
---|---|---|---|
48.8 GPa | 0.368 kJ/m2 | ||
13.6 GPa | 0.702 kJ/m2 | ||
4.33 Gpa 4.5 Gpa | 20.02 MPa 28.73 MPa | ||
0.26 0.3 | 28.73 MPa 2 | ||
1207 MPa | |||
918.3 MPa | |||
46.6 MPa | |||
154.1 MPa | |||
== | 66.5 MPa |
Marked ID | Delamination Area (mm) | Delamination Position h/H | Mean Ultimate Tensile Load (kN) | Simulated Limit Load (kN) | Error Rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | 10 × 10 | 1/4 | 108.93 | 104.9 | −3.7 |
A2 | 15 × 15 | 1/4 | 107.11 | 101.3 | −5.42 |
A3 | 15 × 15 | 1/2 | 99.4 | 97.9 | −1.5 |
A4 | None | None | 112 | 108.2 | −3.39 |
Group | Marked ID | Delamination Area (mm) | Delamination Position h/H | Tensile Strength (Mpa) | Tensile Strength Loss Rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N1 | N1-2 | 2/20 | 1196.9 | 3.75 | |
N1-6 | 40 × 40 | 6/20 | 1108.36 | 10.87 | |
N1-10 | 10/20 | 1244.34 | −0.06 | ||
N2 | N2-2 | 2/20 | 1208.37 | 2.83 | |
N2-6 | 80 × 80 | 6/20 | 1108.74 | 10.84 | |
N2-10 | 10/20 | 1234.21 | 0.75 | ||
N3 | N3-2 | 2/20 | 1206.37 | 2.99 | |
N3-6 | 100 × 100 | 6/20 | 1120.4 | 9.90 | |
N3-10 | 10/20 | 1237.3 | 0.50 | ||
N4 | N4 | None | None | 1243.57 | 0 |
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Xin, W.; Li, H.; Lu, X.; Zhou, B. Study on the Effect of Initial Delamination on Tensile Behavior of Offshore Wind Turbine Blade Spar Cap. Energies 2023, 16, 3607. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16083607
Xin W, Li H, Lu X, Zhou B. Study on the Effect of Initial Delamination on Tensile Behavior of Offshore Wind Turbine Blade Spar Cap. Energies. 2023; 16(8):3607. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16083607
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin, Wen, Hui Li, Xiaolong Lu, and Bo Zhou. 2023. "Study on the Effect of Initial Delamination on Tensile Behavior of Offshore Wind Turbine Blade Spar Cap" Energies 16, no. 8: 3607. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16083607