Impact of Waste Fry Biofuel on Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Biodiesel Manufacturing and Characteristics
3. Experimental Setup
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Effect on the Brake Thermal Efficiency
4.2. Effect on the BSFC (Brake-Specific Fuel Consumption)
4.3. Effect on CO2 Emissions with Engine Rpm
4.4. Variation of NOx Emissions with Engine Rpm
4.5. Variation in CO Emissions
4.6. Variation in HC Emissions
4.7. Variation in the Smoke Opacity with Engine Rpm
4.8. Variation of the Exhaust Temperature with Engine Rpm
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
BSFC | Brake-specific fuel consumption |
BTE | Brake thermal efficiency |
CI | Compression ignition |
CO | Carbon monoxide |
FWCOB | Fry waste cooking oil biodiesel |
HC | Hydrocarbon |
HRR | Heat release rate |
IC | Internal combustion |
NOx | Nitrogen oxide |
WCO | Waste cooking oil |
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S. No | Test | ASTM Test | ASTM Limits |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Kinematic viscosity, mm2/s | D 445 | 1.9–4.1 |
2 | Cloud point, °C | D 2500 | - |
3 | Pour point, °C | D 97 | 4.4–5.5 °C |
4 | Flashpoint, °C | D 93 | 52 °C min |
5 | Sulfur by weight, % | D 129 | 0.5% max |
6 | Cetane number | D 613 | 40 min |
7 | Density | D 5002 | 15–35 °C |
Property | Unit | Standard (ASTM) | Diesel | SOB | 1FWCOB | 2FWCOB | 3FWCOB | RFWCOB |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Density | kg m3 | 900 | 833 | 837 | 841 | 858 | 871 | 886 |
Viscosity | mm2/s | 1.9–6 | 2.72 | 3.95 | 4.41 | 4.66 | 4.79 | 4.91 |
Calorific value | kJ kg−1 | >33,000 | 43,400 | 39,691 | 39,435 | 38,915 | 38,121 | 38,012 |
Cloud point | °C | −2 to 12 | −8 | −6 | −6 | −6 | −5 | −4 |
Flashpoint | °C | >130 | 78 | 67 | 73 | 77 | 84 | |
Pour point | °C | −15 to 10 | −6 | −11 | −11 | −9 | −8 | |
Cetane number | CN | 55.32 | 51 | 49 | 47 | 44 | 43 | |
Sulfur content | % | 0.048 | 0.16 | 0.014 | 0.012 | 0.012 | 0.011 |
Parameters | Unit | Description |
---|---|---|
Manufacturer | - | Daedong Korea |
Engine stroke | - | 4-stroke |
Engine layout | - | Horizontal |
Displacement | cc | 673 |
Cooling | - | Water-cooled |
Number of cylinders | - | 1 |
Compression ratio | - | 21 |
Bore | mm | 95 |
Stroke length | mm | 95 |
Rated power output | kW | 7.4 |
Injection pressure | kg cm−2 | 135 |
Emission Gases | Resolution | Range |
---|---|---|
NOx | 1 ppm | 0–5000 ppm |
CO | 0.001% | 0–9.999% |
HC | 1 ppm | 0–10,000 ppm |
Smoke | 0.05% | 0–100% |
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Mandal, A.; Cha, D.; Cho, H. Impact of Waste Fry Biofuel on Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions. Energies 2023, 16, 3711. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093711
Mandal A, Cha D, Cho H. Impact of Waste Fry Biofuel on Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions. Energies. 2023; 16(9):3711. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093711
Chicago/Turabian StyleMandal, Adhirath, Dowan Cha, and HaengMuk Cho. 2023. "Impact of Waste Fry Biofuel on Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions" Energies 16, no. 9: 3711. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093711