Assessment of Wind Speed Statistics in Samaria Region and Potential Energy Production †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Annual Wind Statistical Parameters
3.2. Monthly Wind Weibull Parameters
3.3. Annual Wind Weibull Fits
3.4. Annual Comparison of Weibull Wind Curves
3.5. Seasonal Comparison of Wind Weibull Parameters & Curves
3.6. Statistical Analysis of Wind Direction
4. Wind Power Generation
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wind Power Class | Average Wind Speed (m/s) at 10 m Height |
---|---|
1 | 0–4.4 |
2 | 4.4–5.1 |
3 | 5.1–5.6 |
4 | 5.6–6.0 |
5 | 6.0–6.4 |
6 | 6.4–7.0 |
7 | 7.0–9.5 |
Terrain Characteristics | α |
---|---|
Smooth hard ground, calm water | 0.10 |
Tall grass on level ground | 0.15 |
High crops, hedges, and shrubs | 0.20 |
Wooded countryside, many trees | 0.25 |
Small town with trees and shrubs | 0.30 |
Large city with tall building | 0.40 |
Year | Parameter | Speed | Azimuth |
---|---|---|---|
2001 | Mean | 4.28 | 209.41 |
STD | 2.21 | 81.13 | |
2002 | Mean | 4.89 | 227.31 |
STD | 2.51 | 83.03 | |
2003 | Mean | 4.81 | 224.15 |
STD | 2.57 | 78.48 | |
2004 | Mean | 4.57 | 228.17 |
STD | 2.49 | 80.32 | |
2005 | Mean | 4.64 | 227.63 |
STD | 2.33 | 77.45 | |
2006 | Mean | 4.35 | 231.65 |
STD | 2.20 | 83.15 | |
2007 | Mean | 4.50 | 228.73 |
STD | 2.21 | 79.28 | |
2008 | Mean | 4.50 | 221.94 |
STD | 2.25 | 77.23 | |
2009 | Mean | 4.54 | 231.31 |
STD | 2.38 | 75.39 | |
2010 | Mean | 4.41 | 225.30 |
STD | 2.27 | 79.84 | |
2011 | Mean | 4.26 | 230.11 |
STD | 2.08 | 79.28 | |
2001–2011 | Mean | 4.53 | 226.00 |
STD | 2.32 | 79.76 |
Year | Parameter | Speed | Azimuth |
---|---|---|---|
2001 | Mean: | 7.72 | 209.41 |
STD: | 3.94 | 81.13 | |
2002 | Mean: | 8.78 | 227.31 |
STD: | 4.50 | 83.03 | |
2003 | Mean: | 8.68 | 224.15 |
STD: | 4.57 | 78.48 | |
2004 | Mean: | 8.24 | 228.17 |
STD: | 4.43 | 80.32 | |
2005 | Mean: | 8.37 | 227.63 |
STD: | 4.15 | 77.45 | |
2006 | Mean: | 7.82 | 231.65 |
STD: | 3.94 | 83.15 | |
2007 | Mean: | 8.07 | 228.73 |
STD: | 3.97 | 79.28 | |
2008 | Mean: | 8.07 | 221.94 |
STD: | 4.04 | 77.23 | |
2009 | Mean: | 8.15 | 231.31 |
STD: | 4.28 | 75.39 | |
2010 | Mean: | 7.91 | 225.30 |
STD: | 4.08 | 79.84 | |
2011 | Mean: | 7.64 | 230.11 |
STD: | 3.74 | 79.28 | |
2001–2011 | Mean: | 8.13 | 226.00 |
STD: | 4.17 | 79.76 |
Month | Parameter | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January | c | 4.18 | 6.40 | 5.97 | 6.21 | 6.19 | 5.45 | 6.11 | 6.65 | 6.08 | 6.03 | 5.40 |
k | 1.60 | 2.11 | 2.33 | 1.93 | 2.06 | 1.83 | 1.86 | 2.31 | 1.81 | 2.35 | 2.06 | |
February | c | 5.60 | 6.39 | 7.46 | 5.92 | 6.02 | 5.95 | 5.58 | 6.03 | 6.42 | 6.10 | 5.82 |
k | 1.76 | 2.03 | 2.39 | 1.70 | 1.89 | 1.80 | 2.03 | 2.33 | 2.12 | 2.07 | 1.99 | |
March | c | 4.69 | 6.20 | 6.47 | 5.23 | 5.16 | 5.45 | 5.77 | 5.51 | 5.64 | 5.50 | 4.98 |
k | 1.71 | 1.98 | 1.83 | 1.81 | 2.02 | 1.95 | 2.17 | 2.18 | 2.06 | 2.05 | 1.89 | |
April | c | 4.55 | 5.80 | 5.49 | 5.39 | 5.77 | 5.55 | 5.77 | 5.15 | 4.97 | 4.24 | 5.13 |
k | 1.52 | 2.28 | 1.92 | 1.93 | 1.77 | 2.12 | 2.31 | 2.18 | 1.80 | 1.93 | 2.10 | |
May | c | 5.12 | 4.69 | 5.72 | 5.41 | 5.04 | 4.23 | 4.73 | 4.39 | 4.75 | 4.58 | 4.69 |
k | 1.65 | 2.20 | 2.08 | 2.02 | 2.14 | 2.17 | 2.15 | 2.07 | 1.91 | 2.12 | 2.39 | |
June | c | 4.76 | 5.2 | 4.55 | 4.90 | 4.87 | 4.78 | 5.06 | 4.63 | 4.51 | 5.06 | 5.03 |
k | 2.14 | 2.71 | 2.40 | 2.77 | 2.39 | 2.92 | 2.70 | 2.25 | 2.38 | 2.24 | 2.84 | |
July | c | 4.87 | 5.06 | 4.77 | 4.73 | 4.99 | 5.02 | 5.06 | 4.56 | 5.32 | 4.85 | 4.45 |
k | 2.72 | 2.77 | 2.21 | 2.71 | 2.80 | 3.00 | 2.70 | 2.81 | 2.91 | 2.82 | 2.64 | |
August | c | 4.75 | 5.12 | 4.12 | 4.86 | 4.81 | 4.36 | 4.67 | 4.58 | 4.50 | 4.08 | 4.67 |
k | 2.87 | 2.74 | 1.94 | 2.47 | 2.63 | 2.72 | 2.85 | 2.78 | 2.68 | 2.70 | 3.01 | |
September | c | 4.63 | 4.75 | 4.58 | 4.11 | 4.68 | 4.32 | 4.65 | 4.46 | 4.74 | 4.21 | 4.09 |
k | 2.46 | 2.44 | 1.73 | 2.12 | 2.26 | 2.38 | 2.76 | 2.01 | 2.49 | 2.33 | 2.44 | |
October | c | 4.15 | 3.90 | 4.31 | 3.38 | 4.58 | 4.27 | 4.12 | 3.88 | 4.27 | 4.13 | 4.08 |
k | 2.20 | 2.14 | 1.74 | 1.67 | 1.78 | 2.36 | 2.26 | 2.32 | 2.15 | 2.16 | 2.23 | |
November | c | 5.22 | 6.59 | 4.63 | 5.71 | 4.96 | 4.44 | 4.49 | 4.62 | 4.84 | 4.50 | 4.14 |
k | 2.05 | 1.88 | 1.72 | 1.70 | 1.88 | 2.09 | 1.81 | 2.17 | 1.88 | 1.91 | 2.02 | |
December | c | 4.87 | 6.09 | 6.66 | 5.44 | 5.11 | 4.97 | 4.77 | 6.34 | 5.59 | 6.47 | 5.24 |
k | 1.98 | 1.84 | 2.03 | 1.60 | 1.66 | 1.77 | 1.88 | 2.03 | 1.92 | 2.02 | 2.16 | |
Yearly | c | 4.85 | 5.54 | 5.45 | 5.18 | 5.26 | 4.93 | 5.09 | 5.09 | 5.14 | 4.98 | 4.81 |
k | 2.03 | 2.05 | 1.96 | 1.93 | 2.10 | 2.08 | 2.14 | 2.10 | 2.00 | 2.03 | 2.15 | |
2001–2011 | c | 5.12 | ||||||||||
k | 2.05 |
Month | Parameter | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January | c | 6.48 | 8.13 | 8.96 | 8.54 | 8.58 | 10.32 | 9.25 | 11.93 | 10.90 | 10.81 | 9.68 |
k | 1.78 | 2.05 | 1.93 | 2.06 | 1.74 | 2.57 | 2.16 | 2.32 | 1.81 | 2.35 | 2.06 | |
February | c | 9.56 | 10.44 | 10.21 | 10.29 | 10.81 | 9.26 | 8.57 | 11.04 | 11.52 | 10.94 | 10.43 |
k | 1.91 | 2.13 | 1.92 | 2.17 | 2.36 | 2.06 | 2.41 | 2.44 | 2.12 | 2.07 | 1.99 | |
March | c | 7.68 | 11.08 | 10.14 | 10.58 | 10.23 | 9.74 | 8.77 | 9.74 | 10.11 | 9.87 | 8.94 |
k | 1.88 | 2.59 | 2.09 | 2.23 | 2.23 | 1.93 | 2.33 | 2.13 | 2.06 | 2.05 | 1.89 | |
April | c | 7.73 | 9.68 | 10.66 | 9.76 | 11.49 | 9.92 | 8.20 | 9.30 | 8.91 | 7.60 | 9.21 |
k | 1.87 | 2.23 | 2.19 | 2.17 | 2.27 | 1.94 | 1.93 | 2.22 | 1.80 | 1.93 | 2.10 | |
May | c | 11.09 | 9.54 | 9.09 | 8.55 | 9.82 | 8.88 | 10.12 | 7.99 | 8.51 | 8.21 | 8.40 |
k | 1.81 | 1.95 | 2.10 | 1.77 | 2.08 | 2.17 | 2.32 | 2.13 | 1.91 | 2.12 | 2.39 | |
June | c | 8.59 | 9.86 | 8.04 | 8.69 | 8.36 | 7.39 | 10.97 | 8.27 | 8.08 | 9.08 | 9.02 |
k | 1.95 | 2.13 | 1.94 | 2.17 | 1.98 | 2.06 | 2.67 | 2.24 | 2.38 | 2.24 | 2.84 | |
July | c | 8.86 | 10.23 | 8.67 | 8.80 | 10.70 | 8.72 | 10.81 | 8.20 | 9.54 | 8.70 | 7.99 |
k | 2.90 | 2.26 | 2.14 | 1.89 | 2.04 | 1.98 | 3.01 | 2.82 | 2.91 | 2.82 | 2.64 | |
August | c | 7.67 | 9.47 | 10.10 | 8.21 | 11.88 | 9.61 | 8.88 | 8.22 | 8.07 | 7.32 | 8.37 |
k | 2.97 | 2.38 | 2.21 | 1.96 | 2.05 | 1.97 | 2.72 | 2.79 | 2.68 | 2.70 | 3.01 | |
September | c | 9.42 | 9.85 | 8.51 | 8.34 | 8.42 | 10.51 | 8.14 | 7.82 | 8.49 | 7.54 | 7.33 |
k | 2.61 | 1.89 | 2.03 | 2.02 | 2.31 | 2.03 | 2.42 | 2.09 | 2.49 | 2.33 | 2.44 | |
October | c | 7.21 | 9.84 | 9.40 | 8.97 | 9.16 | 8.02 | 9.34 | 7.22 | 7.66 | 7.40 | 7.32 |
k | 2.09 | 2.07 | 2.05 | 2.21 | 2.43 | 2.22 | 2.49 | 2.20 | 2.15 | 2.16 | 2.23 | |
November | c | 8.18 | 10.44 | 10.36 | 9.60 | 8.39 | 8.54 | 10.05 | 8.38 | 8.67 | 8.06 | 7.42 |
k | 1.98 | 2.19 | 2.20 | 2.50 | 2.21 | 2.38 | 2.53 | 2.27 | 1.88 | 1.91 | 2.02 | |
December | c | 9.90 | 9.69 | 10.19 | 8.93 | 8.11 | 7.96 | 7.99 | 11.12 | 10.03 | 11.60 | 9.40 |
k | 2.09 | 2.29 | 2.35 | 2.36 | 1.80 | 1.94 | 2.77 | 1.96 | 1.92 | 2.02 | 2.16 | |
Yearly | c | 8.70 | 9.92 | 9.78 | 9.29 | 9.44 | 8.83 | 9.12 | 9.12 | 9.21 | 8.93 | 8.63 |
k | 2.03 | 2.05 | 1.96 | 1. 93 | 2.10 | 2.08 | 2.14 | 2.10 | 2.00 | 2.03 | 2.15 | |
2001–2011 | c | 9.17 | ||||||||||
k | 2.05 |
Parameter | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Winter November–January | c | 4.53 | 5.25 | 5.48 | 5.03 | 4.67 | 4.99 | 5.08 | 5.86 | 5.51 | 5.68 | 4.94 |
k | 1.85 | 2.12 | 2.13 | 2.29 | 1.88 | 2.21 | 2.35 | 2.04 | 1.83 | 1.99 | 2.02 | |
Spring February–April | c | 4.63 | 5.80 | 5.77 | 5.69 | 6.05 | 5.38 | 4.75 | 5.58 | 5.66 | 5.26 | 5.30 |
k | 1.84 | 2.29 | 2.06 | 2.18 | 2.26 | 1.96 | 2.20 | 2.23 | 1.95 | 1.93 | 1.97 | |
Summer May–July | c | 5.33 | 5.58 | 4.80 | 4.84 | 5.37 | 4.65 | 5.94 | 4.55 | 4.87 | 4.83 | 4.72 |
k | 2.00 | 2.10 | 2.05 | 1.92 | 1.99 | 2.03 | 2.62 | 2.35 | 2.24 | 2.34 | 2.58 | |
Autumn August–October | c | 4.53 | 5.43 | 5.21 | 4.75 | 5.48 | 5.23 | 4.90 | 4.33 | 4.50 | 4.14 | 4.29 |
k | 2.39 | 2.08 | 2.08 | 2.05 | 2.05 | 1.99 | 2.51 | 2.30 | 2.41 | 2.36 | 2.50 |
Parameter | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Winter November–January | c | 8.12 | 9.42 | 9.82 | 9.03 | 8.37 | 8.95 | 9.11 | 10.51 | 9.88 | 10.18 | 8.85 |
k | 1.85 | 2.12 | 2.13 | 2.29 | 1.88 | 2.21 | 2.35 | 2.04 | 1.83 | 1.99 | 2.02 | |
Spring February–April | c | 8.31 | 10.41 | 10.34 | 10.21 | 10.84 | 9.64 | 8.52 | 10.01 | 10.14 | 9.44 | 9.50 |
k | 1.84 | 2.29 | 2.06 | 2.18 | 2.26 | 1.96 | 2.20 | 2.23 | 1.95 | 1.93 | 1.97 | |
Summer May–July | c | 9.55 | 10.01 | 8.60 | 8.68 | 9.62 | 8.34 | 10.64 | 8.16 | 8.73 | 8.67 | 8.47 |
k | 2.00 | 2.10 | 2.05 | 1.92 | 1.99 | 2.03 | 2.62 | 2.35 | 2.24 | 2.34 | 2.58 | |
Autumn August–October | c | 8.12 | 9.73 | 9.34 | 8.51 | 9.83 | 9.38 | 8.79 | 7.76 | 8.07 | 7.42 | 7.68 |
k | 2.39 | 2.08 | 2.08 | 2.05 | 2.05 | 1.99 | 2.51 | 2.30 | 2.41 | 2.36 | 2.50 |
Turbine | Enercon‘s E101/3000 | AWE’s 54–900 | EWT’s Directwind 52/750 |
---|---|---|---|
Area (m2) | 8012 | 2290 | 2083 |
Radius (m) | 50.5 | 27 | 25.75 |
Turbine | Enercon‘s E101/3000 | AWE’s 54–900 | EWT’s Directwind 52/750 |
---|---|---|---|
Average Power (kW) | 1380.97 | 379.06 | 333.25 |
Power Standard Deviation (kW) | 1160.94 | 326.58 | 275.32 |
Annual Revenue (Million SH) | 6.46 | 1.77 | 1.56 |
Annual Revenue (Million $) | 1.84 | 0.50 | 0.44 |
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Share and Cite
Kolesnik, S.; Rabinovitz, Y.; Byalsky, M.; Yahalom, A.; Kuperman, A. Assessment of Wind Speed Statistics in Samaria Region and Potential Energy Production. Energies 2023, 16, 3892. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093892
Kolesnik S, Rabinovitz Y, Byalsky M, Yahalom A, Kuperman A. Assessment of Wind Speed Statistics in Samaria Region and Potential Energy Production. Energies. 2023; 16(9):3892. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093892
Chicago/Turabian StyleKolesnik, Sergei, Yossi Rabinovitz, Michael Byalsky, Asher Yahalom, and Alon Kuperman. 2023. "Assessment of Wind Speed Statistics in Samaria Region and Potential Energy Production" Energies 16, no. 9: 3892. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093892