Experimental Study on Paraffin Wax and Soya Wax Supported by High-Density Polyethylene and Loaded with Nano-Additives for Thermal Energy Storage
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of Shape-Stable PCM
2.2. Preparation of Shape-Stable Composite PCM
3. Results
3.1. Leakage Test
3.2. Heating and Cooling Profile
3.3. Steady-State Thermal Performance
3.4. Thermal Energy Storage
3.5. Thermal Stability
3.6. Thermal Conductivity
4. Recommendation for Future Work
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
TES | Thermal Energy Storage |
PCM | Phase Change Material |
SSPCM | Shape Stabilized Phase Change Material |
SSCPCM | Shape Stabilized Composite Phase Change Material |
HDPE | High-Density Polyethylene |
MWCNT | multi-walled carbon nanotube |
GO | Graphene oxide |
PW | Paraffin wax |
SW | Soya wax |
DSC | Differential scanning calorimetry |
TGA | Thermogravimetric analysis |
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Material | Density (g/cm3) | Thermal Conductivity (W/m-K) | Specific Heat (J/g-K) | Latent Heat (J/g) | Melting Point (°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HDPE | 0.965 | 0.288–0.480 | 1.8–2.7 | 174 | 118–137 |
Paraffin wax | 0.820 | 0.210 | 2.1 | 187 | 51–53 |
Soya wax | 0.90 | 0.205 | 2.7 | 201 | 52–55 |
Sample | HDPE | Paraffin Wax (PW) | Soya Wax (SW) |
---|---|---|---|
HDPE/PW (50/50) | 50 | 50 | 0 |
HDPE/PW (55/45) | 55 | 45 | 0 |
HDPE/PW (60/40) | 60 | 40 | 0 |
HDPE/PW (65/35) | 65 | 35 | 0 |
HDPE/PW (70/30) | 70 | 30 | 0 |
HDPE/PW (75/25) | 75 | 25 | 0 |
HDPE/PW (80/20) | 80 | 20 | 0 |
HDPE/SW (50/50) | 50 | 0 | 50 |
HDPE/SW (55/45) | 55 | 0 | 45 |
HDPE/SW (60/40) | 60 | 0 | 40 |
HDPE/SW (65/35) | 65 | 0 | 35 |
HDPE/SW (70/30) | 70 | 0 | 30 |
HDPE/SW (75/25) | 75 | 0 | 25 |
HDPE/SW (80/20) | 80 | 0 | 20 |
Sample | HDPE | PW | SW | MWCNT | GNP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SSCPCM/PW | 60 | 40 | - | - | - |
SSCPCM/SW | 65 | - | 35 | - | - |
SSCPCM/PW/M1 | 60 | 39 | - | 1 | - |
SSCPCM/PW/M2 | 60 | 38 | - | 2 | - |
SSCPCM/PW/M3 | 60 | 37 | - | 3 | - |
SSCPCM/PW/G1 | 60 | 39 | - | - | 1 |
SSCPCM/PW/G2 | 60 | 38 | - | - | 2 |
SSCPCM/PW/G3 | 60 | 37 | - | - | 3 |
SSCPCM/SW/M1 | 65 | - | 39 | 1 | - |
SSCPCM/SW/M2 | 65 | - | 38 | 2 | - |
SSCPCM/SW/M3 | 65 | - | 37 | 3 | - |
SSCPCM/SW/G1 | 65 | - | 39 | - | 1 |
SSCPCM/SW/G2 | 65 | - | 38 | - | 2 |
SSCPCM/SW/G3 | 65 | - | 37 | - | 3 |
Samples | Melting Point | Freezing Point | Melting Enthalpy | Freezing Enthalpy |
---|---|---|---|---|
SSCPCM/PW | 44.4 | 57.6 | 93.5 | 90.7 |
SSCPCM/SW | 47.1 | 62.2 | 86.8 | 82.6 |
SSCPCM/PW/G1 | 43.1 | 54.3 | 90.3 | 84.3 |
SSCPCM/PW/G2 | 42.8 | 54.6 | 84.4 | 80.8 |
SSCPCM/PW/G3 | 42.3 | 52.2 | 82.1 | 76.8 |
SSCPCM/PW/M1 | 44.2 | 52.7 | 88.5 | 74.3 |
SSCPCM/PW/M2 | 43.7 | 53.4 | 85.6 | 72.1 |
SSCPCM/PW/M3 | 42.7 | 54.6 | 80.4 | 74.7 |
SSCPCM/SW/G1 | 46.7 | 58.7 | 81.2 | 76.3 |
SSCPCM/SW/G2 | 45.2 | 59.6 | 78.9 | 73.6 |
SSCPCM/SW/G3 | 44.8 | 57.4 | 75.3 | 70.2 |
SSCPCM/SW/M1 | 46.2 | 58.3 | 82.8 | 78.6 |
SSCPCM/SW/M2 | 45.8 | 57.7 | 76.8 | 74.3 |
SSCPCM/SW/M3 | 44.6 | 57.2 | 74.2 | 70.6 |
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Yadav, D.K.; Rathore, P.K.S.; Singh, R.K.; Gupta, A.K.; Sikarwar, B.S. Experimental Study on Paraffin Wax and Soya Wax Supported by High-Density Polyethylene and Loaded with Nano-Additives for Thermal Energy Storage. Energies 2024, 17, 2461. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17112461
Yadav DK, Rathore PKS, Singh RK, Gupta AK, Sikarwar BS. Experimental Study on Paraffin Wax and Soya Wax Supported by High-Density Polyethylene and Loaded with Nano-Additives for Thermal Energy Storage. Energies. 2024; 17(11):2461. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17112461
Chicago/Turabian StyleYadav, Deepak Kumar, Pushpendra Kumar Singh Rathore, Rajeev Kumar Singh, Arvind Kumar Gupta, and Basant Singh Sikarwar. 2024. "Experimental Study on Paraffin Wax and Soya Wax Supported by High-Density Polyethylene and Loaded with Nano-Additives for Thermal Energy Storage" Energies 17, no. 11: 2461. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17112461