CFD Research on Natural Gas Sampling in a Horizontal Pipeline
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Mathematical Model
2.1. Governing Equations
2.2. Turbulence Model
3. Numerical Simulation
3.1. Geometrical Model
3.2. Numerical Setup
3.3. Grid Independency Study
4. Result and Discussion
4.1. Analysis of the Influence of Gravity
4.2. Influence of the Sampling Operating Conditions on Particle Parameters
4.2.1. Controlling the Operation Pressure and Gas Velocity in Sampling Branches
4.2.2. Influence of the Sampling Operating Pressure
4.2.3. Influence of Sampling Velocity
4.3. Influence of Particle Density on Particle Parameters
4.4. Influence of the Structure of Sample Branches
5. Conclusions
- The critical diameter at which particles are affected by gravity is 100 μm. For particles smaller than 100 μm, the effect of gravity on their movement in the horizontal pipe can be ignored.
- The operating pressure of the sampling branch has a significant impact on the particle mass concentration, and the particle mass concentration measurement results need to be converted by gas density to obtain the true value in the main pipe. Both sampling operating pressure and sampling gas velocity have little effect on particle size distribution.
- The particle density has little impact on the sampling system, indicating that measurement deviations in sampling are not related to the type of liquid.
- The number of particles in branches inserted into the main pipe is slightly higher than in those without interpolation, but overall, the design of the sampling branches does not cause significant sampling errors.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
CFD | Computational Fluid Dynamics |
DPM | Discrete Phase Model |
D | particle diameter |
F | volume force |
Gb | buoyancy terms |
Gk | generation of k due to mean velocity gradients |
Gω | generation of ω |
P | pressure |
R | reduction radius |
Sk | user-defined source terms |
ST | viscous dissipation term |
T | time |
T | temperature |
U | velocity components in x direction |
V | velocity components in y direction |
W | velocity components in z direction |
Yk | dissipation of k due to turbulence respectively |
Yω | dissipation of ω due to turbulence respectively |
ρ | density |
τ | viscous stress |
K | turbulence kinetic energy |
Ω | specific dissipation rate |
Γk | effective diffusivities of k |
Γω | effective diffusivities of ω |
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Branch | Diameter (mm) | Length (mm) | Insertion Length (mm) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 10 | 200 | No insertion |
2 | 10 | 200 | 37.5 |
3 | 10 | 200 | 75 |
4 | 15/10 | 100/200 | No insertion |
Parameter | Unit | Value |
---|---|---|
Operating pressure | MPa | 5.4 |
Operating temperature | K | 300 |
Main pipe diameter | mm | 300 |
Main pipe length | mm | 1000 |
Sampling branch diameters | mm | 10 |
Gas phase | - | Natural gas |
Gas phase density | kg/m3 | Ideal gas |
Gas phase viscosity | kg/(m·s) | 1.7894 × 10−5 |
Gas phase velocity in the main pipe | m/s | 10 |
Particle | - | Water |
Particle diameter | μm | 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0 |
Particle density | kg/m3 | 1000 |
Released particle mass concentration | kg/m3 | 70 |
Released particle velocity | m/s | 10 |
Grid | Cell Number | Surface Mesh Size (mm) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Main Pipe | Sampling Branches | Reduction | ||
Coarse grid | 783,863 | 4.5 | 1.2 | 0.5 |
Medium-sized grid | 1,196,035 | 4 | 1 | 0.4 |
Fine grid | 1,429,798 | 3.8 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
Case | Incident Particle Group Sizes (μm) |
---|---|
a | 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 |
b | 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 |
c | 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 50 |
d | 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 100 |
e | 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 200 |
f | 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 500 |
g | 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 1000 |
Parameter | Unit | Value |
---|---|---|
Main pipe diameter | mm | 300 |
Main pipe length | mm | 2000 |
Operating pressure | MPa | 5.4 |
Gas phase | - | Ideal gas |
Inlet velocity of the gas phase | m/s | 10 |
Particle | - | Water |
Particle density | kg/m3 | 1000 |
Diameter of particle inlet | mm | 20 |
Inlet concentration of each size of particles | mg/m3 | 10 |
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Wu, M.; Chen, Y.; Liu, Q.; Xiao, L.; Fan, R.; Li, L.; Xiao, X.; Sun, Y.; Yan, X. CFD Research on Natural Gas Sampling in a Horizontal Pipeline. Energies 2024, 17, 3985. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17163985
Wu M, Chen Y, Liu Q, Xiao L, Fan R, Li L, Xiao X, Sun Y, Yan X. CFD Research on Natural Gas Sampling in a Horizontal Pipeline. Energies. 2024; 17(16):3985. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17163985
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Mingou, Yanling Chen, Qisong Liu, Le Xiao, Rui Fan, Linfeng Li, Xiaoming Xiao, Yongli Sun, and Xiaoqin Yan. 2024. "CFD Research on Natural Gas Sampling in a Horizontal Pipeline" Energies 17, no. 16: 3985. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17163985