Removal and Conversion of Tar in Syngas from Woody Biomass Gasification for Power Utilization Using Catalytic Hydrocracking
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Catalytic Hydrocracking
3. Experimental Setup
3.1. Fuel for Gasification
3.2. Facilities and Equipment
3.3. Catalyst and Catalytic Reactor
4. Sampling and Analysis
4.1. Sampling of Tar in Syngas
4.2. Analysis of Tar Samples
Distillation Fractions | Molecular Weights | Boiling Points (°C) | Distillation Fractions | Molecular Weights | Boiling Points (°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
D01 | <C7 | ≤98 | D13 | C19 | >317 |
≤330 | |||||
D02 | C8 | >98 | D14 | C20 | >330 |
≤126 | ≤342.7 | ||||
D03 | C9 | >126 | D15 | C21 | >342.7 |
≤151 | ≤356.5 | ||||
D04 | C10 | >151 | D16 | C22 | >356.5 |
≤174 | ≤367 | ||||
D05 | C11 | >174 | D17 | C23 | >367 |
≤196 | ≤380 | ||||
D06 | C12 | >196 | D18 | C24 | >380 |
≤217 | ≤391.3 | ||||
D07 | C13 | >217 | D19 | C25 | >391.3 |
≤234 | ≤401.9 | ||||
D08 | C14 | >234 | D20 | C26 | >401.9 |
≤253 | ≤412.2 | ||||
D09 | C15 | >253 | D21 | C27 | >412.2 |
≤270 | ≤442 | ||||
D10 | C16 | >270 | D22 | C28 | >442 |
≤287 | ≤431.6 | ||||
D11 | C17 | >287 | D23 | C29 | >431.6 |
≤302 | ≤440.8 | ||||
D12 | C18 | >302 | |||
≤317 |
4.3. Tarry Impurities in IC Engines
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. Results for Different Temperatures at a Fixed Flow Rate of 20 Nm³/h
- CO 18–23%,
- CH4 3–12%,
- H2 8–10%,
- CO2 7–11%.
Distillation fractions | Boiling Points (°C) | Tar concentration in both raw and purified gas (g/Nm3) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st Experiment (500 °C) | 2nd Experiment (600 °C) | 3rd Experiment (700 °C) | |||||
Raw gas | Purified gas | Raw gas | Purified gas | Raw gas | Purified gas | ||
D01 | ≤98 | 6.134 | 5.146 | 7.891 | 4.301 | 7.516 | 1.581 |
D02 | >98 | 1.3 | 0.42 | 2.712 | 0.618 | 4.407 | 0.292 |
≤126 | |||||||
D03 | >126 | 0.547 | 0.171 | 2.035 | 0.498 | 2.912 | 0.583 |
≤151 | |||||||
D04 | >151 | 0.523 | 0.223 | 1.084 | 0.338 | 1.708 | 0.273 |
≤174 | |||||||
D05 | >174 | 0.534 | 0.118 | 1.155 | 0.196 | 1.018 | 0.175 |
≤196 | |||||||
D06 | >196 | 0.258 | 0.253 | 1.000 | 0.126 | 1.116 | 0.131 |
≤217 | |||||||
D07 | >217 | 0.453 | 0.153 | 1.071 | 0.167 | 0,886 | 0.049 |
≤234 | |||||||
D08 | >234 | 0.144 | 0.102 | 0.552 | 0.058 | 0.860 | 0.048 |
≤253 | |||||||
D09 | >253 | 0.089 | 0.040 | 0.348 | 0.021 | 0.194 | 0.032 |
≤270 | |||||||
D10 | >270 | 1.118 | 0.878 | 0.473 | 0.415 | 0.311 | 0.014 |
≤287 | |||||||
D11 | >287 | 0.004 | 0.006 | 0.078 | No trace | 0.137 | 0.004 |
≤302 | |||||||
D12 | >302 | 0.009 | No trace | 0.031 | No trace | 0.089 | No trace |
≤317 | |||||||
D13 | >317 | No trace | No trace | 0.019 | No trace | 0.018 | No trace |
≤330 | |||||||
D14 | >330 | No trace | No trace | 0.017 | No trace | 0.004 | No trace |
≤342.7 | |||||||
Total | - | 10.87 | 7.75 | 18.47 | 6.738 | 21.18 | 3.18 |
Tar in gas engine D06–D23 | - | 2.075 | 1.432 | 3.598 | 0.787 | 3.615 | 0.278 |
Conversion D06–D23 | - | 44.9% | 78.1% | 92.3% |
5.2. Variation of Flow Rate at Operation Temperature 700 °C
Distillation fractions | Boiling Points (°C) | Tar concentration in both raw and purified gas (g/Nm3) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3rd Experiment (20 Nm3/h) | 4th Experiment (15 Nm3/h) | 5th Experiment (10 Nm3/h) | |||||
Raw gas | Purified gas | Raw gas | Purified gas | Raw gas | Purified gas | ||
D01 | ≤98 | 7.516 | 1.581 | 6.712 | 1.845 | 6.171 | 1.310 |
D02 | >98 | 4.407 | 0.292 | 1.528 | 0.854 | 2.027 | 0.717 |
≤126 | |||||||
D03 | >126 | 2.912 | 0.583 | 2.359 | 0.190 | 2.053 | 0.217 |
≤151 | |||||||
D04 | >151 | 1.708 | 0.273 | 1.742 | 0.152 | 1.620 | 0.177 |
≤174 | |||||||
D05 | >174 | 1.018 | 0.175 | 1.600 | 0.172 | 1.301 | 0.159 |
≤196 | |||||||
D06 | >196 | 1.116 | 0.131 | 1.115 | 0.014 | 1.091 | 0.003 |
≤217 | |||||||
D07 | >217 | 0,886 | 0.049 | 1.123 | 0.038 | 0.775 | 0.026 |
≤234 | |||||||
D08 | >234 | 0.860 | 0.048 | 1.213 | 0.015 | 0.976 | No trace |
≤253 | |||||||
D09 | >253 | 0.194 | 0.032 | 0.643 | No trace | 0.547 | No trace |
≤270 | |||||||
D10 | >270 | 0.311 | 0.014 | 0.359 | No trace | 0.284 | No trace |
≤287 | |||||||
D11 | >287 | 0.137 | 0.004 | 0.275 | No trace | 0.143 | No trace |
≤302 | |||||||
D12 | >302 | 0.089 | No trace | 0.218 | No trace | 0.108 | No trace |
≤317 | |||||||
D13 | >317 | 0.018 | No trace | 0.060 | No trace | 0.223 | No trace |
≤330 | |||||||
D14 | >330 | 0.004 | No trace | 0.012 | No trace | 0.008 | No trace |
≤342.7 | |||||||
D15 | >342.7 | No trace | No trace | 0.021 | No trace | No trace | No trace |
≤356.5 | |||||||
Total | - | 21.18 | 3.18 | 18.98 | 3.28 | 16.86 | 2.61 |
Tar in gas engine D06–D23 | - | 3.615 | 0.278 | 5.039 | 0.067 | 4.155 | 0.029 |
Conversion D06–D23 | - | 92.3% | 98.6% | 99.3% |
5.3. Discussion of the Results
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
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Huang, J.; Schmidt, K.G.; Bian, Z. Removal and Conversion of Tar in Syngas from Woody Biomass Gasification for Power Utilization Using Catalytic Hydrocracking. Energies 2011, 4, 1163-1177. https://doi.org/10.3390/en4081163
Huang J, Schmidt KG, Bian Z. Removal and Conversion of Tar in Syngas from Woody Biomass Gasification for Power Utilization Using Catalytic Hydrocracking. Energies. 2011; 4(8):1163-1177. https://doi.org/10.3390/en4081163
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Jiu, Klaus Gerhard Schmidt, and Zhengfu Bian. 2011. "Removal and Conversion of Tar in Syngas from Woody Biomass Gasification for Power Utilization Using Catalytic Hydrocracking" Energies 4, no. 8: 1163-1177. https://doi.org/10.3390/en4081163