Microalgae Harvest through Fungal Pelletization—Co-Culture of Chlorella vulgaris and Aspergillus niger
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Description of Pellets Formed During the Co-Culture of C. vulgaris and A. niger
2.2. Effects of Different Carbon Sources on the Co-Culture Process
2.2.1. Glucose
Co-culture | Glucose concentration (g/L) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 10 | |
# of pellets/mL | 2 ± 0.2 | 5 ± 1.5 | 6 ± 0.7 | 7 ± 0.7 | 7 ± 0.8 |
Average diameter (mm) | 3 ± 0.1 | 3.3 ± 0.3 | 3.4 ± 0.2 | 3.6 ± 0.8 | 3.8 ± 0.4 |
Average final pH | 7.1 ± 0.0 | 7.1 ± 0.2 | 5.6 ± 0.9 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 4.0 ± 0.2 |
2.2.2. Sodium Acetate or Glycerol
2.3. Effects of Initial Fungal Spore Concentration on the Co-Culture
Co-culture | Fungi:microalgae ratio | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1:50 | 1:100 | 1:300 | 1:600 | 1:1,000 | |
# of pellets/mL | 6 ± 0.6 | 5 ± 2.8 | 5 ± 0.2 | 4 ± 0.4 | 4 ± 0.8 |
Average diameter (mm) | 2.6 ± 0.4 | 2.9 ± 0.4 | 3.4 ± 0.2 | 3.6 ± 0.9 | 3.6 ± 0.6 |
2.4. Effects of Initial Microalgal Cell Concentration on the Co-Culture Process
Co-culture | Initial concentration of microalgal cells (cells/L) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 4.25 × 108 | 2.55 × 109 | 3.83 × 109 | 4.46 × 109 | 8.50 × 109 | |
# of pellets/mL | 5 ± 1.2 | 5 ± 1.1 | 4 ± 0.5 | 4 ± 0.4 | 3 ± 0.4 | 1 ± 0.4 |
Average diameter (mm) | 3.5 ± 2.1 | 3.4 ± 0.1 | 3.3 ± 0.1 | 3.3 ± 0.3 | 3.0 ± 0.8 | 2.5 ± 0.1 |
2.5. Effects of Light on the Co-Culture Process
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Cell Cultivation of Microalgae and Fungal Strains
3.2. Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gultom, S.O.; Zamalloa, C.; Hu, B. Microalgae Harvest through Fungal Pelletization—Co-Culture of Chlorella vulgaris and Aspergillus niger. Energies 2014, 7, 4417-4429. https://doi.org/10.3390/en7074417
Gultom SO, Zamalloa C, Hu B. Microalgae Harvest through Fungal Pelletization—Co-Culture of Chlorella vulgaris and Aspergillus niger. Energies. 2014; 7(7):4417-4429. https://doi.org/10.3390/en7074417
Chicago/Turabian StyleGultom, Sarman Oktovianus, Carlos Zamalloa, and Bo Hu. 2014. "Microalgae Harvest through Fungal Pelletization—Co-Culture of Chlorella vulgaris and Aspergillus niger" Energies 7, no. 7: 4417-4429. https://doi.org/10.3390/en7074417
APA StyleGultom, S. O., Zamalloa, C., & Hu, B. (2014). Microalgae Harvest through Fungal Pelletization—Co-Culture of Chlorella vulgaris and Aspergillus niger. Energies, 7(7), 4417-4429. https://doi.org/10.3390/en7074417