Cycle Life of Commercial Lithium-Ion Batteries with Lithium Titanium Oxide Anodes in Electric Vehicles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experiment Design
Item | Rate capacity | Weight | 1/3C discharge energy |
---|---|---|---|
Cell A | 20 A∙h | 0.510 kg | 46.22 W∙h |
Cell B | 15 A∙h | 0.4618 kg | 37.15 W∙h |
Cell C | 10 A∙h | 0.295 kg | 25.33 W∙h |
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Open Circuit Voltage (OCV)
3.2. Capacity Fade and Resistance Increase Results
Item | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | b1 | A2 | b2 | |
Cell A | −0.0017 | 20.5121 | −0.0057 | 23.0555 |
Cell B | −0.00049 | 15.6186 | −0.0013 | 16.3054 |
Cell C | −0.0014 | 10.9349 | −0.0028 | 11.6008 |
3.3. Battery Aging Mechanism Analysis
3.3.1. Aging Mechanism Analysis of Cell A
3.3.2. Aging Mechanism Analysis of Cells B and C
3.4. Discussion
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Han, X.; Ouyang, M.; Lu, L.; Li, J. Cycle Life of Commercial Lithium-Ion Batteries with Lithium Titanium Oxide Anodes in Electric Vehicles. Energies 2014, 7, 4895-4909. https://doi.org/10.3390/en7084895
Han X, Ouyang M, Lu L, Li J. Cycle Life of Commercial Lithium-Ion Batteries with Lithium Titanium Oxide Anodes in Electric Vehicles. Energies. 2014; 7(8):4895-4909. https://doi.org/10.3390/en7084895
Chicago/Turabian StyleHan, Xuebing, Minggao Ouyang, Languang Lu, and Jianqiu Li. 2014. "Cycle Life of Commercial Lithium-Ion Batteries with Lithium Titanium Oxide Anodes in Electric Vehicles" Energies 7, no. 8: 4895-4909. https://doi.org/10.3390/en7084895