Multi-Objective Reservoir Optimization Balancing Energy Generation and Firm Power
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Multi-Objective Model Maximizing the Benefit of Hydropower Generation
2.1. Objective Functions
2.1.1. Objective 1: Maximizing Power Generation of the System
2.1.2. Objective 2: Maximizing Firm Power
2.2. Decision Variables
2.3. Constraints
2.3.1. Constraints on Water Level
2.3.2. Constraints on the Water Discharge of the Reservoir
2.3.3. Water Balance Equation
2.3.4. Water Level-Storage Curve
2.3.5. Tail Water Level-Discharge Curve
2.3.6. The Characteristic Curve of Unit Output
3. Optimization with NSGA-II
3.1. Multi-Objective Problem
3.2. NSGA-II
3.3. Implementation
4. Results and Discussions
4.1. Case Study-Three Gorges Project
4.2. Results
Objectives | Pareto Front | Original | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minimum | Maximum | Mean | SD | Variance | ||
Annual power generation (× 108 kWh) | 937.90 (+4.47%) | 941.12 (+4.83%) | 939.66 (+4.66%) | 0.98 | 0.953 | 897.75 |
Firm power (× 106 kW) | 6.36 (−3.20%) | 6.92 (+5.33%) | 6.66 (+1.37%) | 0.17 | 0.029 | 6.57 |
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
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Li, F.-F.; Qiu, J. Multi-Objective Reservoir Optimization Balancing Energy Generation and Firm Power. Energies 2015, 8, 6962-6976. https://doi.org/10.3390/en8076962
Li F-F, Qiu J. Multi-Objective Reservoir Optimization Balancing Energy Generation and Firm Power. Energies. 2015; 8(7):6962-6976. https://doi.org/10.3390/en8076962
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Fang-Fang, and Jun Qiu. 2015. "Multi-Objective Reservoir Optimization Balancing Energy Generation and Firm Power" Energies 8, no. 7: 6962-6976. https://doi.org/10.3390/en8076962