Multi-Objective Predictive Balancing Control of Battery Packs Based on Predictive Current
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Predictive Current Control
3. Balancing Control Strategy
3.1. The Analysis of Battery Pack Inconsistency
3.2. Battery Pack Balancing Method
3.2.1. Voltage Balancing
3.2.2. SOC Balancing
3.2.3. MOPBC
4. Battery Pack Balancing Control Modelling
4.1. Battery Parameters Module
4.2. SOC Module
4.3. Temperature Module
4.4. Degradation Module
4.5. MOPBC
5. The Analysis of the Simulation Results
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Symbol | Value | Unit |
---|---|---|---|
Rated voltage | Vb | 3.7 | V |
Rated capacity | CE | 10 | Ah |
Initial SOC | SOCinit | 1, 1, 1, 1 | - |
Initial resistance | R | 1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5 | m |
The average balancing current | Iave | 1.8 | A |
Switching frequency | fs | 10 | kHz |
Battery mass | m | 1.2 | Kg |
Specific heat | cp | 0.9 | J/(kg·K) |
External surface area | S | 0.046 | m2 |
Ambient temperature | Ta | 298 | K |
Balancing weight | 0.8410, 0.0118, 0.1472 | - | |
Coulombic efficiency | η | 1 | - |
Compensation coefficient | 1 | - | |
Forecast period | tf | 0.5 | s |
Non-Balancing | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | ∆max | ∆ave |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SOC | 0.4572 | 0.4329 | 0.4178 | 0.3794 | 0.0778 | 0.4218 |
Temperature (K) | 350.790 | 362.427 | 368.469 | 381.101 | 30.311 | 365.697 |
Degradation Rate | 0.1576 | 0.1937 | 0.2146 | 0.2633 | 0.1057 | 0.2037 |
SOC Balancing | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | ∆max | ∆ave |
SOC | 0.3798 | 0.3787 | 0.3790 | 0.3787 | 0.0011 | 0.3791 |
Temperature (K) | 359.583 | 369.408 | 375.760 | 386.239 | 26.656 | 372.748 |
Degradation Rate | 0.1831 | 0.2229 | 0.2527 | 0.3040 | 0.1209 | 0.2407 |
Multi-Objective Balancing | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | ∆max | ∆ave |
SOC | 0.3330 | 0.3510 | 0.3740 | 0.4097 | 0.0767 | 0.3669 |
Temperature (K) | 363.989 | 368.350 | 370.136 | 378.822 | 14.833 | 370.324 |
Degradation Rate | 0.2116 | 0.2172 | 0.2264 | 0.2454 | 0.0338 | 0.2252 |
MOPBC | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | ∆max | ∆ave |
SOC | 0.4430 | 0.3640 | 0.4463 | 0.4555 | 0.0915 | 0.4272 |
Temperature (K) | 358.974 | 363.955 | 367.471 | 376.182 | 17.208 | 366.646 |
Degradation Rate | 0.1901 | 0.1971 | 0.2127 | 0.2265 | 0.0364 | 0.2066 |
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Li, W.; Kang, L.; Guo, X.; Yao, Y. Multi-Objective Predictive Balancing Control of Battery Packs Based on Predictive Current. Energies 2016, 9, 298. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9040298
Li W, Kang L, Guo X, Yao Y. Multi-Objective Predictive Balancing Control of Battery Packs Based on Predictive Current. Energies. 2016; 9(4):298. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9040298
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Wenbiao, Longyun Kang, Xiangwei Guo, and Yuan Yao. 2016. "Multi-Objective Predictive Balancing Control of Battery Packs Based on Predictive Current" Energies 9, no. 4: 298. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9040298