Broadband Polarization Conversion Metasurface Based on Metal Cut-Wire Structure for Radar Cross Section Reduction
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Design of Basic Unit and Theoretical Analysis
3. Simulation, Experiment and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Pendry, J.B.; Schurig, D.; Smith, D.R. Controlling electromagnetic fields. Science 2006, 312, 1780–1782. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Martin, F.; Falcone, F.; Bonache, J.; Marques, R. Miniaturized coplanar waveguide stop band filters based on multiple tuned split ring resonators. IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. 2003, 13, 511–513. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Smith, D.R.; Pendry, J.B.; Wiltshire, M.C.K. Metamaterials and negative refractive index. Science 2004, 305, 788–792. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Engheta, N. Circuits with light at nanoscales: Optical nanocircuits inspired by metamaterials. Science 2007, 317, 1698–1702. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Alù, A.; Engheta, N. Achieving transparency with plasmonic and metamaterial coatings. Phys. Rev. E 2005, 72, 016623. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Monticone, F.; Estakhri, N.M.; Alù, A. Full control of nanoscale optical transmission with a composite metascreen. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2013, 110, 203903. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Shelby, R.A.; Smith, D.R.; Schultz, S. Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction. Science 2001, 292, 77–79. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pendry, J.B. Negative refraction makes a perfect lens. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2000, 85, 3966. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Xu, H.X.; Tang, S.W.; Ling, X.H.; Luo, W.J.; Zhou, L. Flexible control of highly-directive emissions based on bifunctional metasurfaces with low polarization cross-talking. Ann. Phys. Berl. 2017, 529. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alrasheed, S.; Fabrizio, E.D. Design and simulation of reflect-array metasurfaces in the visible regime. Appl. Opt. 2017, 56, 3213–3218. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cheng, Y.Z.; Cheng, Z.Z.; Mao, X.S.; Gong, R.Z. Ultra-thin multi-band polarization-insensitive microwave metamaterial absorber based on multiple-order responses using a single resonator structure. Materials 2017, 10, 1241. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cheng, Y.Z.; Wu, C.J.; Ge, C.C.; Yang, J.J.; Pei, X.J.; Jia, F.; Gong, R.Z. An ultra-thin dual-band phase-gradient metasurface using hybrid resonant structures for backward RCS reduction. Appl. Phys. B 2017, 123, 143. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, Y.F.; Wang, J.; Zhang, J.; Qu, S.B.; Pang, Y.Q.; Zheng, L.; Yan, M.B.; Xu, Z.; Zhang, A.X. Ultra-wide-band microwave composite absorbers based on phase gradient metasurfaces. Prog. Electromagn. Res. 2014, 40, 9–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, H.X.; Ma, S.J.; Luo, W.J.; Cai, T.; Sun, S.L.; He, Q.; Zhou, L. Aberration-free and functionality-switchable meta-lenses based on tunable metasurfaces. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2016, 109, 193506. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fan, Y.C.; Liu, Z.; Zhang, F.L.; Zhao, Q.; Wei, Z.Y.; Fu, Q.H.; Li, J.J.; Gu, C.Z.; Li, H.Q. Tunable mid-infrared coherent perfect absorption in a graphene meta-surface. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 13956. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tian, S.; Liu, H.; Li, L. Design of 1-bit digital reconfigurable reflective metasurface for beam-scanning. Appl. Sci. Basel 2017, 7, 882. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, S.H.; Choi, M.; Kim, T.T.; Lee, S.; Liu, M.; Yin, X.; Choi, H.K.; Lee, S.S.; Choi, C.G.; Choi, S.Y.; et al. Switching teraherz waves with gate-controlled active graphene metamaterials. Nat. Mater. 2012, 11, 936. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Politano, A.; Chiarello, G. Plasmon modes in graphene: Status and prospect. Nanoscale 2014, 6, 10927–10940. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mitrofanov, O.; Viti, L.; Dardanis, E.; Giordano, M.C.; Ercolani, D.; Politano, A.; Sorba, L.; Vitiello, M.S. Near-field terahertz probes with room-temperature nanodetectors for subwavelength resolution imaging. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7, 44240. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Politano, A.; Viti, L.; Vitiello, M.S. Optoelectronic devices, plasmonics, and photonics with topological insulators. APL Mater. 2017, 5, 035504. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, Q.; Gu, J.; Wang, D.; Zhang, X.; Tian, Z.; Ouyang, C.; Singh, R.; Han, J.; Zhang, W. Efficient flat metasurface lens for terahertz imaging. Opt. Express 2014, 22, 25931–25939. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cheng, Y.Z.; Fang, C.; Mao, X.S.; Gong, R.Z.; Wu, L. Design of an ultrabroadband and high-efficiency reflective linear polarization convertor at optical frequency. IEEE Photonics J. 2016, 8, 1–9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, J.C.; Cheng, Y.Z. Ultra-broadband and high-efficiency reflective linear polarization convertor based on planar anisotropic metamaterial in microwave region. Optick 2017, 136, 52–57. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jiang, W.; Xue, Y.; Gong, S.X. Polarization conversion metasurface for broadband radar cross section reduction. Prog. Electromagn. Res. Lett. 2016, 62, 9–15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, H.P.; Wang, G.M.; Liang, J.G.; Gao, X.J. Wideband multifunctional metasurface for polarization conversion and gain enhancement. Prog. Electromagn. Res. 2016, 155, 115–125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Song, Y.C.; Ding, J.; Guo, C.J.; Ren, Y.H.; Zhang, J.K. Ultra-broadband backscatter radar cross section reduction based on polarization-insensitive metasurface. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. 2016, 15, 329–331. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mo, W.C.; Wei, X.L.; Wang, K.J.; Li, Y.; Liu, J.S. Ultrathin flexible terahertz polarization converter based on metasurfaces. Opt. Express 2016, 24, 13621–13627. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jiang, S.C.; Xiong, X.; Hu, Y.S.; Hu, Y.H.; Ma, G.B.; Peng, R.W.; Sun, C.; Wang, M. Controlling the polarization state of light with a dispersion-free metastructure. Phys. Rev. X 2014, 4, 021026. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ding, F.; Wang, Z.; He, S.; Shalaev, V.M.; Kildishev, A.V. Broadband high-efficiency half-wave plate: A supercell-based plasmonic metasurface approach. ACS Nano 2015, 9, 4111–4119. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Burokur, S.N.; Daniel, J.P.; Ratajczak, P.; Lustrac, A.D. Tunable bilayered metasurface for frequency reconfigurable directive emissions. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010, 97, 064101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Burokur, S.N.; Ourir, A.; Daniel, J.P.; Ratajczak, P.; Lustrac, A.D. Highly directive ISM band cavity antenna using a bi-layered metasurface reflector. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 2009, 51, 1393–1396. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dong, G.X.; Shi, H.Y.; Li, W.; He, Y.C.; Zhang, A.X.; Xu, Z.; Wei, X.Y. A multi-band spoof surface plasmon polariton coupling metasurface based on dispersion engineering. J. Appl. Phys. 2016, 120, 084505. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liang, L.J.; Qi, M.Q.; Yang, J.; Shen, X.P.; Zhai, J.Q.; Xu, W.Z.; Jin, B.B. Anomalous terahertz reflection and scattering by flexible and conformal coding metamaterials. Adv. Opt. Mater. 2015, 3, 1374–1380. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liao, Z.; Luo, Y.; Fernandez-Dominguez, A.I.; Shen, X.P.; Maier, S.A.; Cui, T.J. High-order localized spoof surface plasmon resonances and experimental verifications. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 9590. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cheng, Y.Z.; Mao, X.S.; Wu, C.J.; Wu, L.; Gong, R.Z. Infrared non-planar plasmonic perfect absorber for enhanced sensitive refractive index sensing. Opt. Mater. 2016, 53, 195–200. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, C.J.; Cheng, Y.Z.; Wang, W.Y.; He, B.; Gong, R.Z. Ultra-thin and polarization-independent phase gradient metasurface for high-efficiency spoof surface-plasmon-polariton coupling. Appl. Phys. Express 2015, 8, 122001. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cheng, Y.Z.; Huang, M.L.; Chen, H.R.; Guo, Z.; Mao, X.S.; Gong, R.Z. Ultrathin six-band polarization-insensitive perfect metamaterial absorber based on a cross-cave patch resonator for terahertz waves. Materials 2017, 10, 591. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pors, A.; Ding, F.; Chen, Y.; Radko, I.P.; Bozhevolnyi, S.I. Random-phase metasurfaces at optical wavelengths. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 28448. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Ding, F.; Pors, A.; Bozhevolnyi, S.I. Gradient metasurfaces: A review of fundamentals and applications. Rep. Prog. Phys. 2017, 81, 026401. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Huang, C.; Pan, W.B.; Ma, X.L.; Luo, X.G. Wideband radar cross-section reduction of a stacked patch array antenna using metasurface. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. 2015, 14, 1369–1372. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, Y.; Hao, Y.W.; Li, K.; Gong, S.X. Wideband and polarization independent radar cross section reduction using holographic metasurface. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. 2016, 15, 1028–1031. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yuan, Y.; Jiang, C.; Liu, L.; Yu, S.; Cui, Z.; Chen, M.; Lin, S.; Wang, S.; Huang, L. Convenient, sensitive and high-throughput method for screening botanic origin. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 5395. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wu, C.J.; Cheng, Y.Z.; Wang, W.Y.; He, B.; Gong, R.Z. Design and radar cross section reduction experimental verification of phase gradient meta-surface based on cruciform structure. Acta Phys. Sin. 2015, 64, 164102. [Google Scholar]
- Cui, T.J.; Qi, M.Q.; Wan, X.; Zhao, J.; Cheng, Q. Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable metamaterials. Light: Sci. Appl. 2014, 3, e218. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Su, P.; Zhao, Y.J.; Jia, S.L.; Shi, W.W.; Wang, H.L. An ultra-wideband and polarization-independent metasurface for RCS reduction. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 20387. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sun, H.Y.; Gu, C.Q.; Chen, X.L.; Li, Z.; Liu, L.L.; Xu, B.Z.; Zhou, Z.C. Broadband and broad-angle polarization-independent metasurface for radar cross section reduction. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7, 40782. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chen, K.; Cui, L.; Feng, Y.J.; Zhao, J.M.; Jiang, T.; Zhu, B. Coding metasurface for broadband microwave scattering reduction with optical transparency. Opt. Express 2017, 25, 5571–5579. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sun, W.J.; He, Q.; Sun, S.L.; Zhou, L. High-efficiency surface plasmon meta-couplers: Concept and microwave-regime realizations. Light: Sci. Appl. 2016, 5, e16003. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, H.X.; Tang, S.W.; Ma, S.J.; Luo, W.J.; Cai, T.; Sun, S.L.; He, Q.; Zhou, L. Tunable microwave metasurfaces for high-performance operations: Dispersion compensation and dynamical switch. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 38255. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pan, W.B.; Huang, C.; Pu, M.B.; Ma, X.L.; Cui, J.H.; Zhao, B.; Luo, X.G. Combining the absorptive and radiative loss in metasurfaces for multi-spectral shaping of the electromagnetic scattering. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 21462. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ma, H.F.; Liu, Y.Q.; Luan, K.; Cui, T.J. Multi-beam reflections with flexible control of polarizations by using anisotropic metasurfaces. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 39390. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jia, Y.; Liu, Y.; Guo, Y.J.; Li, K.; Gong, S.X. Broadband polarization rotation reflective surfaces and their applications to RCS reduction. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 2016, 64, 179–188. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Balanis, C.A. Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design; Wiley: New York, NY, USA, 2005. [Google Scholar]
- Zhao, Y.; Cao, X.Y.; Gao, J.; Sun, Y.; Yang, H.H.; Liu, X.; Zhou, Y.L.; Han, T.; Chen, W. Broadband diffusion metasurface based on a single anisotropic element and optimized by the simulated annealing algorithm. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 23896. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Yang, J.J.; Cheng, Y.Z.; Ge, C.C.; Gong, R.Z. Broadband Polarization Conversion Metasurface Based on Metal Cut-Wire Structure for Radar Cross Section Reduction. Materials 2018, 11, 626. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11040626
Yang JJ, Cheng YZ, Ge CC, Gong RZ. Broadband Polarization Conversion Metasurface Based on Metal Cut-Wire Structure for Radar Cross Section Reduction. Materials. 2018; 11(4):626. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11040626
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Jia Ji, Yong Zhi Cheng, Chen Chen Ge, and Rong Zhou Gong. 2018. "Broadband Polarization Conversion Metasurface Based on Metal Cut-Wire Structure for Radar Cross Section Reduction" Materials 11, no. 4: 626. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11040626