A Study of Laser Micromachining of PM Processed Ti Compact for Dental Implants Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Experimental Material
2.2. Experimental Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion
- (1)
- Different processing laser pulse energies were confirmed to have a great effect on the qualities of machined surfaces. It was observed that higher laser fluences lead to a rougher surface finish. The surfaces of porous-like appearances were revealed after laser treatment for every used pulse energy level.
- (2)
- The treated surface is formed of ridges of the molten and solidified titanium globules, craters and voids. It contains agglomerated particles with the irregular macro- and micro- pores of sizes of 10–25 μm and 1–3 μm, respectively.
- (3)
- The results of the one-way ANOVA analysis brought an overall statistically significant difference in the group means for all roughness evaluated parameters. The main differences between the surfaces A and E were confirmed by the Tukey post-hoc test.
- (4)
- Owing to the treatment in ambient air, the oxidation of titanium took place. With the increase of the laser beam pulse energy, the content of O increased significantly.
- (5)
- This study helps to identify the laser beam energy parameters for achieving a pre-defined surface geometry. The lower level of pulse energy is recommended for the optimal surface treatment of the studied PM titanium compact, when the large lateral pulse overlap is applied.
- (6)
- Recorded surface roughness parameters of laser treated Ti powder compact produced at low temperatures provide good conditions for applications in the field of dental surgery.
- (7)
- However, the contribution brings only partial insights into an otherwise wide problem, so for a wider application of the studied material, it is necessary to carry out a further series of experiments, especially focused on bio-testing.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | THD (%) | E (GPa) | Rp0.2 (MPa) | Rm (MPa) | At (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ti compact | 99.13 | 94.5 | 541 | 686.7 | 4.08 |
CP Ti Grade 1 | 100 | 105 | 170-310 | 240 | 24 |
Surface | N | Ra (μm) | Rz (μm) | Rpk (μm) | Rvk (μm) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
A | 25 | 2.18 | 0.20 | 14.80 | 1.15 | 2.97 | 0.37 | 1.78 | 0.35 |
B | 25 | 4.38 | 0.38 | 30.48 | 1.51 | 5.19 | 0.58 | 5.31 | 1.45 |
C | 25 | 6.16 | 0.50 | 38.39 | 0.97 | 8.80 | 2.06 | 6.62 | 1.36 |
D | 25 | 11.31 | 0.86 | 59.35 | 1.73 | 11.73 | 0.34 | 8.92 | 1.35 |
E | 25 | 11.70 | 0.18 | 70.16 | 5.61 | 10.05 | 4.92 | 15.68 | 3.21 |
Roughness Parameter | DF1 | DF2 | F-value | p-value | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ra | 4 | 120 | 1865.18 | 0.000 * | 98.42 |
Rz | 4 | 120 | 1582.94 | 0.000 * | 98.14 |
Rpk | 4 | 120 | 55.5 | 0.000 * | 64.19 |
Rvk | 4 | 120 | 206.65 | 0.000 * | 87.32 |
Surface | N | Pulse Energy (mJ) | wt. % of Elements | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ti | O | |||
NI | 3 | – | 93.9 ± 1.1 | 5.5 ± 0.7 |
A | 3 | 0.2 | 80.4 ± 0.9 | 21.5 ± 0.9 |
B | 3 | 0.4 | 72.6 ± 1.1 | 28.5 ± 1.2 |
C | 3 | 0.6 | 67.9 ± 0.6 | 31.7 ± 0.9 |
D | 3 | 0.8 | 61.8 ± 1.3 | 34.6 ± 2.8 |
E | 3 | 1 | 58.8 ± 1.6 | 37,9 ± 2.3 |
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Šugár, P.; Kováčik, J.; Šugárová, J.; Ludrovcová, B. A Study of Laser Micromachining of PM Processed Ti Compact for Dental Implants Applications. Materials 2019, 12, 2246. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12142246
Šugár P, Kováčik J, Šugárová J, Ludrovcová B. A Study of Laser Micromachining of PM Processed Ti Compact for Dental Implants Applications. Materials. 2019; 12(14):2246. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12142246
Chicago/Turabian StyleŠugár, Peter, Jaroslav Kováčik, Jana Šugárová, and Barbora Ludrovcová. 2019. "A Study of Laser Micromachining of PM Processed Ti Compact for Dental Implants Applications" Materials 12, no. 14: 2246. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12142246