The Microstructure of GNR and the Mechanical Properties of Biobased PLA/GNR Thermoplastic Vulcanizates with Excellent Toughness
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of the GNR
2.3. Preparation of the PLA/GNR TPVs
2.4. Characterization
3. Results
3.1. Preparation and Characterization of GNR and PLA/GNR TPVs
3.2. Mechanical Properties of PLA/GNR Vulcanizates
3.3. Morphologies of PLA/GNR TPVs
3.4. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) of PLA/GNR TPVs
3.5. Nuclear Magnetic Cross-Linking Measurement Analysis of GNR Vulcanizates
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | GMA Content (wt %) | DCP (wt %) | Set temperature (°C) | Reaction Time (s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
GNR-1 | 5.0 | 0.25 | 110 | 600 |
GNR-2 | 14.0 | 0.25 | 110 | 600 |
GNR-3 | 14.0 | 0.50 | 110 | 600 |
Sample | PLA (wt %) | NR (wt %) | GNR (wt %) | DCP of GNR (NR) (wt %) | Initial Set Temperature (°C) | Vulcanizing Time (s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PLA/30 wt % NR | 70 | 30 | / | 1.5 | 135 | 300 |
PLA/30 wt % GNR-1 | 70 | / | 30 (GNR-1) | 1.5 | 135 | 300 |
PLA/30 wt % GNR-2 | 70 | / | 30 (GNR-2) | 1.5 | 135 | 300 |
PLA/30 wt % GNR-3 | 70 | / | 30 (GNR-3) | 1.5 | 135 | 300 |
PLA/30 wt % GNR-2t | 70 | / | 30 (GNR-2) | 1.5 | 135 | 600 |
Sample | Graft Yield (%) | Gel Fraction | Mooney Viscosity (N·m) |
---|---|---|---|
GNR-1 | 2.3 ± 1.4 | 0.44 ± 0.05 | 60.1 |
GNR-2 | 5.0 ± 0.2 | 0.50 ± 0.01 | 68.8 |
GNR-3 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 0.59 ± 0.02 | 86.7 |
Sample | Notched Izod Impact Strength (kJ/m2) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Elongation at Break (%) |
---|---|---|---|
PLA/30 wt % NR | 4.9 ± 0.2 | 18.8 ± 0.5 | 12 ± 2 |
PLA/30 wt % GNR-1 | 66.4 ± 3.2 | 28.7 ± 0.4 | 197 ± 29 |
PLA/30 wt % GNR-2 | 70.6 ± 2.3 | 29.7 ± 0.5 | 240 ± 21 |
PLA/30 wt % GNR-3 | 73.2 ± 0.8 | 30.0 ± 1.0 | 410 ± 26 |
PLA/30 wt % GNR-2t | 74.9 ± 2.6 | 27.5 ± 1.0 | 244 ± 41 |
Sample | Tg1 (°C) | Tg2 (°C) |
---|---|---|
PLA/30 wt % NR | −55.8 | 61.5 |
PLA/30 wt % GNR-1 | −56.0 | 57.3 |
PLA/30 wt % GNR-2 | −56.6 | 57.0 |
PLA/30 wt % GNR-3 | −57.1 | 56.9 |
PLA/30 wt % GNR-2t | −56.3 | 57.2 |
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Xia, M.; Lang, W.; Yang, Y.; Yu, J.; Wu, N.; Wang, Q. The Microstructure of GNR and the Mechanical Properties of Biobased PLA/GNR Thermoplastic Vulcanizates with Excellent Toughness. Materials 2019, 12, 294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12020294
Xia M, Lang W, Yang Y, Yu J, Wu N, Wang Q. The Microstructure of GNR and the Mechanical Properties of Biobased PLA/GNR Thermoplastic Vulcanizates with Excellent Toughness. Materials. 2019; 12(2):294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12020294
Chicago/Turabian StyleXia, Mingfeng, Wenchao Lang, Yue Yang, Jihang Yu, Ningjing Wu, and Qingguo Wang. 2019. "The Microstructure of GNR and the Mechanical Properties of Biobased PLA/GNR Thermoplastic Vulcanizates with Excellent Toughness" Materials 12, no. 2: 294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12020294