Effect of Tempering Conditions on Secondary Hardening of Carbides and Retained Austenite in Spray-Formed M42 High-Speed Steel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experiment
2.1. Material and Specimen Preparation
2.2. Tempering
2.3. Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Microstructure of M42 Evolution
3.2. Evolution of Mechanical Properties
3.3. Evolution of Carbides
3.4. Effect of Tempering Conditions on Retained Austenite
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The tempering process has an impact on secondary hardening on spray-formed M42 HSS by refining martensite, reducing the retained austenite content, and controlling carbide phase composition and size. The best tempering process is three times at 540 °C for one hour each time. The Rockwell hardness of M42 HSS reaches 67.2 HRC and the bending strength reaches 3115 MPa, which is higher than the required values for cooperative enterprises (Rockwell hardness more than 65 HRC and bending strength more than 3000 MPa).
- (2)
- With the increase in tempering temperature, the martensite is refined, and the retained austenite is gradually transformed into martensite. The content of retained austenite is reduced from 27.99% at 200 °C to 10.04% at 700 °C, which increases the strength of M42 HSS. When tempering above 600 °C, the martensite matrix is gradually transformed into ferrite, and the strength of the M42 decreases.
- (3)
- Secondary hardening during tempering is closely related to the precipitation and transformation of carbide. With the increase in tempering temperature, the phase composition of carbides undergoes precipitation of M3C-M6C-M7C3, and the corresponding microhardness of the carbides first increases and then decreases.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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C | Si | Mn | Mo | W | V | Co | Cr | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.10 | 0.25 | 0.36 | 9.50 | 1.50 | 1.15 | 8.00 | 3.75 | Bal. |
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Liu, B.; Qin, T.; Xu, W.; Jia, C.; Wu, Q.; Chen, M.; Liu, Z. Effect of Tempering Conditions on Secondary Hardening of Carbides and Retained Austenite in Spray-Formed M42 High-Speed Steel. Materials 2019, 12, 3714. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12223714
Liu B, Qin T, Xu W, Jia C, Wu Q, Chen M, Liu Z. Effect of Tempering Conditions on Secondary Hardening of Carbides and Retained Austenite in Spray-Formed M42 High-Speed Steel. Materials. 2019; 12(22):3714. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12223714
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Bowen, Tian Qin, Wei Xu, Chengchang Jia, Qiuchi Wu, Mingying Chen, and Zhe Liu. 2019. "Effect of Tempering Conditions on Secondary Hardening of Carbides and Retained Austenite in Spray-Formed M42 High-Speed Steel" Materials 12, no. 22: 3714. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12223714