Standard Hot Pressing as a Possible Solution to Obtain Dense K0.5Na0.5NbO3 Ceramic Doped by Er2O3 and Yb2O3

Rutkowski, Paweł; Huebner, Jan; Graboś, Adrian; Kata, Dariusz; Grzybek, Dariusz; Sapiński, Bogdan

doi:10.3390/ma12244171

Open AccessArticle

Standard Hot Pressing as a Possible Solution to Obtain Dense K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ Ceramic Doped by Er₂O₃ and Yb₂O₃

by

Paweł Rutkowski

^1,*

,

Jan Huebner

¹,

Adrian Graboś

¹,

Dariusz Kata

¹,

Dariusz Grzybek

²

and

Bogdan Sapiński

²

¹

Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Ceramics and Refractories, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

²

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, Department of Process Control, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Materials 2019, 12(24), 4171; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12244171

Submission received: 3 September 2019 / Revised: 9 December 2019 / Accepted: 9 December 2019 / Published: 12 December 2019

(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Performance Nonferrous Alloys: Composition, Microstructure and Properties)

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Abstract

In this study, the influence of the addition of rare earth oxides on the phase composition and density of KNN piezoelectric ceramics was investigated. The initial powders of Na₂CO₃ and K₂CO₃ were dried at 150 °C for 2 h. Then, a powder mixture for synthesis was prepared by adding a stoichiometric amount of Nb₂O₅ and 5 and 10 wt % overabundance of Na₂CO₃. All powders were mixed by ball-milling for 24 h and synthesized at 950 °C. The phase composition of the reaction bed was checked by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD). It had an appearance of tetragonal and monoclinic K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ (KNN) phases. Then, 1 and 2 wt % of Er₂O₃ and Yb₂O₃, were added to the mixture. Green samples of 25 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness were prepared and sintered by hot pressing at 1000 °C for 2 h under 25 MPa pressure. The final samples were investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), XRD, Rietveld, and ultrasonic methods. Phase analysis showed tetragonal and orthorhombic KNN phases, and a contamination of (K₂CO₃·1.5H₂O) was present. The obtained KNN polycrystals had a relative density above 95%. Texturing of the material was confirmed as a result of hot pressing.

Keywords: hot pressing; porosity; piezoelectric properties; sensors

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rutkowski, P.; Huebner, J.; Graboś, A.; Kata, D.; Grzybek, D.; Sapiński, B. Standard Hot Pressing as a Possible Solution to Obtain Dense K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ Ceramic Doped by Er₂O₃ and Yb₂O₃. Materials 2019, 12, 4171. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12244171

AMA Style

Rutkowski P, Huebner J, Graboś A, Kata D, Grzybek D, Sapiński B. Standard Hot Pressing as a Possible Solution to Obtain Dense K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ Ceramic Doped by Er₂O₃ and Yb₂O₃. Materials. 2019; 12(24):4171. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12244171

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rutkowski, Paweł, Jan Huebner, Adrian Graboś, Dariusz Kata, Dariusz Grzybek, and Bogdan Sapiński. 2019. "Standard Hot Pressing as a Possible Solution to Obtain Dense K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ Ceramic Doped by Er₂O₃ and Yb₂O₃" Materials 12, no. 24: 4171. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12244171

APA Style

Rutkowski, P., Huebner, J., Graboś, A., Kata, D., Grzybek, D., & Sapiński, B. (2019). Standard Hot Pressing as a Possible Solution to Obtain Dense K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ Ceramic Doped by Er₂O₃ and Yb₂O₃. Materials, 12(24), 4171. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12244171

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Standard Hot Pressing as a Possible Solution to Obtain Dense K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ Ceramic Doped by Er₂O₃ and Yb₂O₃

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