Designing the Composition of Cement Stabilized Rammed Earth Using Artificial Neural Networks
Abstract
:1. Introduction
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- Techniques that use earth in load-bearing monolithic constructions.
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- Techniques that use earth in load-bearing masonry structures.
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- Techniques that use earth as a non-bearing construction material in combination with a supporting structure of another material.
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- Shapes of the tested samples,
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- Energy used in ramming samples and the related volume density of samples,
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- Particle size distribution of the earth used in the mixture,
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- Mineral and chemical composition of the earth,
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- Moisture content of the earth mixture,
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- Moisture content of the samples at the time of the test,
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- Content and type of Portland cement,
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- Duration and conditions of samples storage before strength tests.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Database of CSRE Test Results
2.1.1. Materials
2.1.2. Preparation of Samples
2.1.3. Results of Testing the Samples
2.2. Proposed Solution
2.2.1. Algorithm
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- The amount of Portland cement to be added,
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- The amount of water,
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- The ramming energy needed to obtain a specific dry density of the compacted soil mixture.
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- The amount of cement to be added,
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- The density of compacted sample,
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- The compressive strength.
2.2.2. Creating the Artificial Neural Networks
3. Results
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- Mean absolute error (MAE)
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- Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE)
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- Maximum absolute percentage error (maxAPE)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
No. | Particle size Distribution [%] | Cement Addition [%] | Moisture Content [%] | Density [kg/m3] | Compressive Strength [MPa] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clay | Silt | Sand | Gravel | |||||
1 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2296.29 | 4.1791 |
2 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2300.48 | 3.5000 |
3 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2277.39 | 3.2511 |
4 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2270.35 | 3.1841 |
5 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2309.10 | 4.1584 |
6 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2295.20 | 4.0098 |
7 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2311.22 | 4.2000 |
8 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2277.22 | 3.5821 |
9 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2295.75 | 3.1841 |
10 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2252.05 | 2.5742 |
11 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2273.63 | 2.5373 |
12 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2168.93 | 2.6500 |
13 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2284.03 | 2.8570 |
14 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2260.27 | 2.7861 |
15 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2275.85 | 2.8570 |
16 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2280.89 | 2.7227 |
17 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2282.96 | 2.7363 |
18 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2258.95 | 2.4378 |
19 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2267.48 | 2.4998 |
20 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2252.37 | 3.2338 |
21 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2246.32 | 3.0846 |
22 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2221.56 | 3.4314 |
23 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2248.51 | 2.9208 |
24 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2267.34 | 3.1500 |
25 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2288.72 | 3.3500 |
26 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2275.49 | 3.3000 |
27 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2251.15 | 3.3333 |
28 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2250.36 | 3.1683 |
29 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 3.0 | 10.0 | 2232.84 | 3.3333 |
30 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 3.0 | 10.0 | 2212.64 | 3.3663 |
31 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 3.0 | 10.0 | 2238.93 | 3.3333 |
32 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 3.0 | 10.0 | 2252.73 | 3.2672 |
33 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 3.0 | 10.0 | 2250.86 | 3.4171 |
34 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 3.0 | 10.0 | 2237.22 | 3.4826 |
35 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 3.0 | 10.0 | 2254.71 | 3.4328 |
36 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 3.0 | 10.0 | 2225.45 | 3.2177 |
37 | 0.140 | 0.253 | 0.507 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 2271.13 | 5.4000 |
38 | 0.140 | 0.253 | 0.507 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 2294.90 | 5.3000 |
39 | 0.140 | 0.253 | 0.507 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 2306.25 | 5.4500 |
40 | 0.140 | 0.253 | 0.507 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 2313.54 | 5.1500 |
41 | 0.140 | 0.253 | 0.507 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 2317.35 | 4.6500 |
42 | 0.140 | 0.253 | 0.507 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 2293.48 | 4.8000 |
43 | 0.140 | 0.244 | 0.416 | 0.200 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 2285.29 | 6.6000 |
44 | 0.140 | 0.244 | 0.416 | 0.200 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 2303.33 | 6.1000 |
45 | 0.140 | 0.244 | 0.416 | 0.200 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 2393.55 | 6.8000 |
46 | 0.140 | 0.244 | 0.416 | 0.200 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 2283.51 | 6.9000 |
47 | 0.140 | 0.244 | 0.416 | 0.200 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 2314.29 | 6.9000 |
48 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2258.96 | 7.1802 |
49 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2235.14 | 7.4666 |
50 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2271.98 | 7.1465 |
51 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2263.90 | 5.9293 |
52 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2292.21 | 8.0000 |
53 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2219.88 | 6.5238 |
54 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2229.85 | 6.3367 |
55 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2220.22 | 6.4764 |
56 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2249.58 | 7.4777 |
57 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2245.61 | 6.5906 |
58 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2197.84 | 6.2933 |
59 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2269.15 | 7.8710 |
60 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2297.66 | 7.2144 |
61 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 2250.73 | 5.1026 |
62 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 2309.66 | 6.0000 |
63 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 2295.93 | 4.6488 |
64 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 2315.21 | 5.2528 |
65 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 2281.72 | 5.3810 |
66 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2325.72 | 5.7921 |
67 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2348.72 | 5.8506 |
68 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2406.33 | 6.0290 |
69 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2294.47 | 5.9406 |
70 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2196.75 | 5.7711 |
71 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2209.44 | 5.5224 |
72 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2343.65 | 5.7426 |
73 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2320.41 | 5.8125 |
74 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2324.06 | 5.9701 |
75 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2311.22 | 5.5500 |
76 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2183.26 | 5.7711 |
77 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2252.00 | 3.7000 |
78 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2339.00 | 3.4000 |
79 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2264.00 | 2.6500 |
80 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2348.00 | 2.5500 |
81 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2240.28 | 6.4500 |
82 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2281.42 | 7.0289 |
83 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2292.33 | 7.9206 |
84 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2228.54 | 6.4436 |
85 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2307.74 | 7.4650 |
86 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2235.59 | 6.3053 |
87 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2248.50 | 8.7413 |
88 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2301.87 | 7.8764 |
89 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2272.27 | 6.9069 |
90 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2259.70 | 4.2000 |
91 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2284.58 | 3.8500 |
92 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2283.05 | 4.1870 |
93 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2274.75 | 3.8308 |
94 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2264.63 | 4.0500 |
95 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2273.00 | 3.2500 |
96 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2249.00 | 3.5500 |
97 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2361.00 | 3.4000 |
98 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 2254.81 | 4.5500 |
99 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 2270.31 | 5.1741 |
100 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 2260.67 | 4.4058 |
101 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 2311.55 | 5.2000 |
102 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 2274.48 | 5.2239 |
103 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2234.80 | 6.0990 |
104 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2255.37 | 6.5206 |
105 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2227.59 | 6.1659 |
106 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2241.75 | 6.4026 |
107 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2212.89 | 5.0814 |
108 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2217.82 | 5.4315 |
109 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2236.03 | 6.4734 |
110 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2213.09 | 6.0655 |
111 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2212.95 | 6.2931 |
112 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2211.13 | 5.6034 |
113 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2237.12 | 5.7443 |
114 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 2314.00 | 5.6500 |
115 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 2281.95 | 5.5000 |
116 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 2289.00 | 5.0000 |
117 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 2276.42 | 5.0746 |
118 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 2291.71 | 5.8000 |
119 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 2282.00 | 5.3500 |
120 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 2284.26 | 6.0000 |
121 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 2299.25 | 5.5500 |
122 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2320.00 | 3.9000 |
123 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2192.00 | 3.5000 |
124 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2183.92 | 4.2440 |
125 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2159.98 | 4.0781 |
126 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2137.15 | 4.3948 |
127 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2141.43 | 3.9237 |
128 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2171.97 | 4.0214 |
129 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2226.39 | 4.2073 |
130 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2238.21 | 4.3331 |
131 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2172.37 | 4.0469 |
132 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 2264.70 | 6.1022 |
133 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 2302.16 | 6.3000 |
134 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 2264.61 | 6.1570 |
135 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 2257.52 | 6.2194 |
136 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 2225.89 | 5.8424 |
137 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2275.03 | 4.9624 |
138 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2265.66 | 5.0000 |
139 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2287.00 | 5.3250 |
140 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2266.01 | 5.0000 |
141 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2216.50 | 4.9000 |
142 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2276.69 | 5.4094 |
143 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2263.68 | 5.3000 |
144 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2265.47 | 5.1629 |
145 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2248.71 | 5.0746 |
146 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2238.36 | 5.1250 |
147 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2201.00 | 2.6000 |
148 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2232.00 | 2.6500 |
149 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2282.00 | 2.4000 |
150 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2174.00 | 2.4000 |
151 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 2267.00 | 2.8500 |
152 | 0.070 | 0.149 | 0.481 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2326.73 | 6.0500 |
153 | 0.070 | 0.149 | 0.481 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2324.51 | 5.9606 |
154 | 0.070 | 0.149 | 0.481 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2311.44 | 6.2000 |
155 | 0.070 | 0.149 | 0.481 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2318.00 | 6.0500 |
156 | 0.070 | 0.149 | 0.481 | 0.300 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 2330.35 | 6.2189 |
157 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2164.57 | 5.2740 |
158 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2155.70 | 5.3449 |
159 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2184.06 | 5.4242 |
160 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2166.34 | 5.1267 |
161 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2202.03 | 5.9707 |
162 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2178.25 | 6.2912 |
163 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2186.32 | 6.3192 |
164 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2205.57 | 6.2857 |
165 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2189.38 | 5.7382 |
166 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2197.35 | 6.2262 |
167 | 0.140 | 0.253 | 0.507 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2256.54 | 7.0000 |
168 | 0.140 | 0.253 | 0.507 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2258.60 | 6.1307 |
169 | 0.140 | 0.253 | 0.507 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2295.83 | 8.8000 |
170 | 0.140 | 0.253 | 0.507 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2283.84 | 8.2500 |
171 | 0.140 | 0.253 | 0.507 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2276.24 | 6.5000 |
172 | 0.140 | 0.253 | 0.507 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2239.78 | 6.5000 |
173 | 0.140 | 0.253 | 0.507 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2274.49 | 8.2000 |
174 | 0.140 | 0.253 | 0.507 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2269.79 | 8.3000 |
175 | 0.140 | 0.253 | 0.507 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 12.0 | 2211.05 | 5.9901 |
176 | 0.140 | 0.253 | 0.507 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 12.0 | 2236.10 | 5.9406 |
177 | 0.140 | 0.253 | 0.507 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 14.0 | 2128.00 | 4.0000 |
178 | 0.140 | 0.253 | 0.507 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 14.0 | 2054.00 | 3.8500 |
179 | 0.140 | 0.244 | 0.416 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2301.31 | 5.9701 |
180 | 0.140 | 0.244 | 0.416 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2310.38 | 7.7000 |
181 | 0.140 | 0.244 | 0.416 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2239.18 | 5.9500 |
182 | 0.140 | 0.244 | 0.416 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2323.08 | 5.7000 |
183 | 0.140 | 0.244 | 0.416 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2324.49 | 4.5000 |
184 | 0.140 | 0.244 | 0.416 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2270.83 | 4.5500 |
185 | 0.140 | 0.244 | 0.416 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2280.41 | 5.1000 |
186 | 0.140 | 0.244 | 0.416 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2251.49 | 5.0500 |
187 | 0.140 | 0.244 | 0.416 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 12.0 | 2260.91 | 6.3000 |
188 | 0.140 | 0.244 | 0.416 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 12.0 | 2251.46 | 6.3500 |
189 | 0.140 | 0.244 | 0.416 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 14.0 | 2206.25 | 5.1000 |
190 | 0.140 | 0.244 | 0.416 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 14.0 | 2191.88 | 5.2500 |
191 | 0.140 | 0.244 | 0.416 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2116.13 | 7.0549 |
192 | 0.140 | 0.244 | 0.416 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2310.11 | 6.7098 |
193 | 0.140 | 0.244 | 0.416 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2237.36 | 7.6312 |
194 | 0.140 | 0.244 | 0.416 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2192.97 | 7.3668 |
195 | 0.140 | 0.244 | 0.416 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2345.26 | 6.3662 |
196 | 0.140 | 0.244 | 0.416 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2233.40 | 7.1221 |
197 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 2104.86 | 2.8655 |
198 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 2089.06 | 2.6487 |
199 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2227.17 | 8.7604 |
200 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2259.54 | 9.4042 |
201 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2294.41 | 7.3597 |
202 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2322.93 | 11.6269 |
203 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2271.88 | 8.6678 |
204 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2285.45 | 11.9300 |
205 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2245.57 | 9.5605 |
206 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2290.12 | 10.8647 |
207 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2292.26 | 10.9991 |
208 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2279.62 | 10.0958 |
209 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2173.60 | 6.9767 |
210 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2183.14 | 6.9950 |
211 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2207.37 | 8.3494 |
212 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2154.72 | 5.8439 |
213 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2252.86 | 7.8765 |
214 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2240.60 | 6.7946 |
215 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 2254.31 | 6.2593 |
216 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 2269.21 | 6.5378 |
217 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 2280.57 | 6.3936 |
218 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 2239.86 | 5.6135 |
219 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 2273.75 | 5.9059 |
220 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 2295.12 | 9.4057 |
221 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 2238.06 | 9.3703 |
222 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 2281.41 | 9.6845 |
223 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 2343.87 | 10.0381 |
224 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 2240.28 | 9.2285 |
225 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 2255.73 | 9.8156 |
226 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2265.42 | 6.3434 |
227 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2291.14 | 7.5399 |
228 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2284.32 | 7.4425 |
229 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2265.53 | 7.3845 |
230 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2319.46 | 6.5072 |
231 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2267.64 | 7.1293 |
232 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2310.57 | 6.5271 |
233 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2303.91 | 5.9115 |
234 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2295.61 | 6.4227 |
235 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2318.05 | 6.1133 |
236 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2311.83 | 6.7966 |
237 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2321.37 | 6.8397 |
238 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2313.68 | 6.0139 |
239 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2268.00 | 4.9500 |
240 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2256.00 | 5.3000 |
241 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2299.00 | 4.6500 |
242 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2328.00 | 4.6000 |
243 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 12.0 | 2219.74 | 6.3408 |
244 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 12.0 | 2238.88 | 5.6287 |
245 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 12.0 | 2240.00 | 5.5554 |
246 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 12.0 | 2224.64 | 6.3189 |
247 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 12.0 | 2240.67 | 5.9166 |
248 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 12.0 | 2216.41 | 5.5229 |
249 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 14.0 | 2084.11 | 3.5100 |
250 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 14.0 | 2122.17 | 3.5559 |
251 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2240.71 | 8.3359 |
252 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2151.64 | 7.8853 |
253 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2218.89 | 9.2350 |
254 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2153.38 | 7.6816 |
255 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2206.07 | 8.1360 |
256 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2234.69 | 8.8511 |
257 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2234.58 | 6.4882 |
258 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2195.76 | 10.0693 |
259 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2233.43 | 9.8294 |
260 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2328.00 | 4.9000 |
261 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2229.00 | 5.2000 |
262 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2188.22 | 8.5159 |
263 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2287.56 | 8.2171 |
264 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2257.54 | 9.6211 |
265 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2233.23 | 8.8703 |
266 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2239.28 | 7.1642 |
267 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2321.50 | 8.6692 |
268 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2238.30 | 9.9005 |
269 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2277.11 | 9.6347 |
270 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2144.38 | 5.2550 |
271 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2111.71 | 4.6074 |
272 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2100.10 | 5.0540 |
273 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2171.44 | 5.5863 |
274 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2223.00 | 4.2000 |
275 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2291.00 | 4.2000 |
276 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2329.00 | 3.4000 |
277 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2319.00 | 5.5000 |
278 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2206.00 | 4.2000 |
279 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2211.00 | 3.3000 |
280 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2140.42 | 4.9362 |
281 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2129.01 | 5.8578 |
282 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2131.59 | 5.7112 |
283 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2105.61 | 4.9440 |
284 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2147.53 | 5.4470 |
285 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2215.52 | 6.2493 |
286 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2221.03 | 6.5280 |
287 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2239.91 | 6.4400 |
288 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2215.53 | 6.4599 |
289 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 2197.26 | 6.5711 |
290 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2173.00 | 3.9000 |
291 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2188.00 | 5.3000 |
292 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2248.00 | 4.8400 |
293 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2234.00 | 3.6000 |
294 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2298.00 | 3.2500 |
295 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2192.76 | 6.3770 |
296 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2252.53 | 6.9888 |
297 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2251.15 | 6.4942 |
298 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2213.52 | 7.3178 |
299 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2256.29 | 7.4530 |
300 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 2235.50 | 6.7844 |
301 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 12.0 | 2207.69 | 5.0076 |
302 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 12.0 | 2185.16 | 5.2227 |
303 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 12.0 | 2205.32 | 4.8635 |
304 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 12.0 | 2151.99 | 5.0661 |
305 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 12.0 | 2195.58 | 5.1813 |
306 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 14.0 | 2108.36 | 3.4827 |
307 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 14.0 | 2119.63 | 3.0895 |
308 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 14.0 | 2161.18 | 3.0960 |
309 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 14.0 | 2125.80 | 3.3113 |
310 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 14.0 | 2121.11 | 2.9600 |
311 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 14.0 | 2114.94 | 3.3066 |
312 | 0.070 | 0.149 | 0.481 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2221.06 | 12.3858 |
313 | 0.070 | 0.149 | 0.481 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2189.12 | 13.0106 |
314 | 0.070 | 0.149 | 0.481 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2216.13 | 12.6901 |
315 | 0.070 | 0.149 | 0.481 | 0.300 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2226.02 | 11.6468 |
316 | 0.070 | 0.158 | 0.572 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2334.33 | 9.3000 |
317 | 0.070 | 0.158 | 0.572 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2329.23 | 9.2574 |
318 | 0.070 | 0.158 | 0.572 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2335.71 | 9.2000 |
319 | 0.070 | 0.158 | 0.572 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2362.97 | 9.0099 |
320 | 0.070 | 0.158 | 0.572 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2343.21 | 9.5002 |
321 | 0.070 | 0.158 | 0.572 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2263.74 | 10.8609 |
322 | 0.070 | 0.158 | 0.572 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2281.87 | 8.9811 |
323 | 0.070 | 0.158 | 0.572 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2251.75 | 10.5418 |
324 | 0.070 | 0.158 | 0.572 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2229.05 | 10.4647 |
325 | 0.070 | 0.158 | 0.572 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2166.09 | 10.3287 |
326 | 0.070 | 0.158 | 0.572 | 0.200 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2209.40 | 11.0470 |
327 | 0.070 | 0.176 | 0.754 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2256.72 | 9.7500 |
328 | 0.070 | 0.176 | 0.754 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2241.27 | 9.6535 |
329 | 0.070 | 0.176 | 0.754 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2221.24 | 9.5613 |
330 | 0.070 | 0.176 | 0.754 | 0.000 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 2242.52 | 8.4158 |
331 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 2262.19 | 8.2176 |
332 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 2325.17 | 8.8117 |
333 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 2363.25 | 9.0547 |
334 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 2334.84 | 7.6500 |
335 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 2240.20 | 8.0000 |
336 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 2373.00 | 7.2500 |
337 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 2256.31 | 8.7500 |
338 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 2386.90 | 8.0000 |
339 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 2306.12 | 9.4500 |
340 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 10.0 | 12.0 | 2271.92 | 4.8989 |
341 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 10.0 | 12.0 | 2256.51 | 5.1000 |
342 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 10.0 | 12.0 | 2241.56 | 5.1000 |
343 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 10.0 | 12.0 | 2246.85 | 5.3000 |
344 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 10.0 | 12.0 | 2241.99 | 5.3234 |
345 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 10.0 | 12.0 | 2266.67 | 5.3250 |
346 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2215.79 | 4.3564 |
347 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2231.62 | 4.3438 |
348 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2210.20 | 4.1500 |
349 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2191.35 | 4.1089 |
350 | 0.105 | 0.201 | 0.494 | 0.200 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2208.96 | 4.0299 |
351 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2248.50 | 4.9749 |
352 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2238.78 | 4.9000 |
353 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2203.57 | 4.6303 |
354 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2200.76 | 4.8776 |
355 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2253.92 | 5.7000 |
356 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2251.28 | 5.4455 |
357 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2236.76 | 4.5048 |
358 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2259.00 | 5.3234 |
359 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2253.56 | 5.5000 |
360 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2230.58 | 6.1000 |
361 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2234.69 | 5.6500 |
362 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2278.43 | 7.1500 |
363 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2273.10 | 7.1500 |
364 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2281.52 | 7.0647 |
365 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2264.89 | 7.0440 |
366 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2285.71 | 7.6000 |
367 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2296.08 | 7.1500 |
368 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2302.24 | 7.7000 |
369 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2298.51 | 7.0647 |
370 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2264.17 | 7.5622 |
371 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2252.07 | 7.7000 |
372 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2295.41 | 7.9703 |
373 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 2273.94 | 7.3888 |
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Reference | Particle Size Distribution of Earth | Shape and Dimensions of Samples [cm] | Moisture Content of the Mixture [%] | Compaction Method | Density of Samples [kg/m3] | Cement Addition | Curing Conditions | Compressive Strength [MPa] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[11] | Sand 64% Silt 18% Clay 18% | cuboid 10 × 10 × 20 | 9.5 | hydraulic press (15 MPa) | Max. 1877 | 8% | 27 days, 70% RH | 18.4 (AVG.) |
[14] | Gravel < 19 mm Gravel 32% Sand 66% Clay + Silt 2% | Cylinder d = 10, h = 20 | 7.8 | pneumatic rammer | - | 8% | 2 days in forms, 7 days tightly wrapped, 19 days in an air-dry condition | 10 (AVG.) |
8.2 | 10–12 (AVG.) | |||||||
8.5 | 7–8 (AVG.) | |||||||
[15] | Gravel 26–50% Sand 46–70% Silt + Clay 4 % | Cylinder d = 10/15, h = 20/30 | 8.85–9.15 (OMC) | pneumatic rammer | 2091 | 10% | 28 days in an air-dry condition, 13–25 °C | 13.8 (AVG.) |
[16] | Gravel 45% Sand 40% Silt 5% Clay 10% | wall element 50 × 50 × 11 | 5.4 (OMC) | pneumatic rammer | 2156–2139 | 4.5% | 7 days tightly wrapped, min. 20 days in an air-dry condition | 6.68 (AVG.) |
[17] | >19 mm 4.3% Gravel 32.2% Sand 59.4% Clay +Silt 8.4% | wall element 100 × 65 × 16 | 9.5–11.0 (OMC) | Mechanized rammer, layers 15 [cm] high | 1800–2000 | 6% 8% 10% | In an air-dry condition | 2.06 (CH) 2.94 (CH) 3.09 (CH) |
>19mm 17.9% Gravel 56% Sand 29.6% Silt + Clay 14.4% | 6% 8% 10% | 1.69 (CH) 1.64 (CH) 2.35 (CH) | ||||||
>19mm 6.4% Gravel 50.5% P 30.4% π + I 19.1% | 6% 8% 10% | 1.52 (CH) 1.72 (CH) 1.92 (CH) | ||||||
[18] | Gravel 20% Sand 50% Silt 25% Clay 5% | cylinder d = 15 h = 30 | 5.3 (OMC) | pneumatic rammer | 2005–2012 | 4.5% | 6 days in an air-dry condition | 5.25 (AVG.) |
12 days in an air-dry condition | 16 (AVG.) |
Sample Number | Particle Size Distribution [%] | Cement Addition [%] | Moisture Content [%] | Density of the Sample [kg/m3] | Compressive Strength [MPa] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clay ϕ > 0.002 [mm] | Silt ϕ ≥ 0.002 ϕ < 0.063 [mm] | Sand ϕ ≥ 0.063 ϕ < 2.0 [mm] | Gravel ϕ ≥ 2.0 ϕ < 4.0 [mm] | |||||
6 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 3 | 9 | 2295 | 4.01 |
81 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 6 | 8 | 2240 | 6.45 |
108 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 6 | 8 | 2218 | 5.43 |
125 | 0.105 | 0.210 | 0.585 | 0.100 | 6 | 10 | 2299 | 5.55 |
144 | 0.105 | 0.219 | 0.676 | 0.000 | 6 | 10 | 2265 | 5.16 |
179 | 0.140 | 0.244 | 0.416 | 0.200 | 9 | 10 | 2301 | 5.97 |
219 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9 | 9 | 2274 | 5.91 |
245 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 9 | 12 | 2240 | 5.55 |
328 | 0.070 | 0.176 | 0.754 | 0.000 | 9 | 8 | 2241 | 9.75 |
364 | 0.105 | 0.192 | 0.403 | 0.300 | 10 | 13 | 2282 | 7.06 |
Feature | Minimum | Maximum | Mean Average | Standard Deviation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Clay [% of the total weight of aggregates] | 0.070 | 0.140 | 0.107 | 0.015 |
Silt [% of the total weight of aggregates] | 0.149 | 0.253 | 0.206 | 0.021 |
Sand [% of the total weight of aggregates] | 0.403 | 0.754 | 0.516 | 0.109 |
Gravel [% of the total weight of aggregates] | 0.000 | 0.300 | 0.172 | 0.117 |
Cement addition [% of the total weight] | 3.00 | 10.00 | 7.57 | 2.11 |
Moisture content [% of the total weight] | 6.00 | 14.00 | 9.86 | 1.74 |
Density [kg/m3] | 2054.00 | 2406.33 | 2250.33 | 56.43 |
Compressive strength [MPa] | 2.40 | 13.01 | 6.00 | 2.09 |
ANN Number | No. of Neurons in the Hidden Layer | Correlation of the Training Dataset | Correlation of the Testing Dataset | Correlation of the Validating Dataset | Activation Function in the Hidden Layer | Activation Function in the Output Layer |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 13 | 0.9104 | 0.8877 | 0.8557 | tanh | linear |
2 | 6 | 0.9031 | 0.8798 | 0.8831 | tanh | linear |
3 | 10 | 0.9233 | 0.8817 | 0.8522 | tanh | tanh |
4 | 4 | 0.9053 | 0.8626 | 0.8503 | tanh | linear |
5 | 23 | 0.9431 | 0.9183 | 0.8579 | tanh | exponential |
ANN No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MSE | 0.996 | 0.796 | 0.951 | 0.976 | 0.928 |
MAE | 0.744 | 0.565 | 0.657 | 0.722 | 0.668 |
MAPE [%] | 8.19 | 6.52 | 7.34 | 8.03 | 7.16 |
maxAPE [%] | 46.03 | 73.28 | 73.75 | 61.79 | 43.38 |
Cement Addition [%] | Number of Samples | Compressive Strength [MPa] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Min | Max | Mean av. | Standard dev. | ||
3 | 36 | 2.438 | 4.200 | 3.215 | 0.456 |
6 | 120 | 2.400 | 8.741 | 5.439 | 1.304 |
9 | 174 | 2.649 | 13.011 | 6.874 | 2.232 |
10 | 43 | 4.030 | 9.450 | 6.357 | 1.557 |
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Anysz, H.; Narloch, P. Designing the Composition of Cement Stabilized Rammed Earth Using Artificial Neural Networks. Materials 2019, 12, 1396. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091396
Anysz H, Narloch P. Designing the Composition of Cement Stabilized Rammed Earth Using Artificial Neural Networks. Materials. 2019; 12(9):1396. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091396
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnysz, Hubert, and Piotr Narloch. 2019. "Designing the Composition of Cement Stabilized Rammed Earth Using Artificial Neural Networks" Materials 12, no. 9: 1396. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091396