Ink-bottle Effect and Pore Size Distribution of Cementitious Materials Identified by Pressurization–Depressurization Cycling Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Principles of Pressurization-Depressurization Cycling Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (PDC-MIP)
2.1. Test Sequence
2.2. Pore size Analysis
3. Experimental Program
3.1. Raw Materials
3.2. Sample Preparation
3.3. Pore Structure Characterization by PDC-MIP Test
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Reproducibility of PDC-MIP Measurements
4.2. Distribution of Throat Pores and Ink-Bottle Pores
4.2.1. Effect of w/b
4.2.2. Effect of Fly Ash (FA)/Limestone Powder (LP)
4.3. Evolution of Pore Size Distribution with Age
4.3.1. Pore Sizes Characterized by Standard MIP
4.3.2. Pore Sizes Characterized by PDC-MIP
4.4. Effects of w/b and Fly Ash on Pore Size Distribution
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- Water-binder-ratio (w/b) influences the throat pore volume primarily by affecting the amount of throat pores below 1 µm. The addition of fly ash increases the volume of throat pores larger than 13 µm. Incorporating limestone powder leads to a considerable rise in throat pores below 1 µm while a drastic drop in throat pores above 1 µm.
- (2)
- The ink-bottle effect is demonstrated over the entire range of pore sizes in cementitious pastes.
- (3)
- Bimodal pore size distributions are obtained by performing PDC-MIP on cementitious pastes, regardless of the age (up to one year). The first peak corresponds to the capillary pore system and the second peak is created by the gel pore system.
- (4)
- With cement hydration process from 28 to 370 days, the pore sizes of cement paste shift towards to a finer distribution. The critical pore diameter corresponding to the first peak clearly decreases with age while the critical pore diameter of the second peak changes little.
- (5)
- Altering the w/b or adding fly ash/limestone powder can significantly affect the volume of capillary pores in the range of 0.01–0.5 µm.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mixtures | Water-Binder-Ratio (w/b) | OPC | FA | LP |
---|---|---|---|---|
M1 | 0.4 | 100% | ||
M2 | 0.5 | 100% | ||
M3 | 0.6 | 100% | ||
M4 | 0.5 | 90% | 10% | |
M5 | 0.5 | 70% | 30% | |
M6 | 0.5 | 65% | 30% | 5% |
Sample No. | Weight (g) | Total Porosity (%) | Bulk Density (g/mL) | Skeletal Density (g/mL) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 5.0590 | 27.95 | 1.5256 | 2.0948 |
2 | 4.9223 | 27.99 | 1.5433 | 2.1315 |
3 | 4.8298 | 27.88 | 1.5287 | 2.1403 |
4 | 5.1023 | 28.75 | 1.5144 | 2.0922 |
5 | 5.5869 | 28.13 | 1.5325 | 2.1256 |
Average | 5.1001 | 28.14 | 1.5289 | 2.1169 |
Standard deviation | 0.2620 | 0.32 | 0.0093 | 0.0197 |
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Zhang, Y.; Yang, B.; Yang, Z.; Ye, G. Ink-bottle Effect and Pore Size Distribution of Cementitious Materials Identified by Pressurization–Depressurization Cycling Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry. Materials 2019, 12, 1454. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091454
Zhang Y, Yang B, Yang Z, Ye G. Ink-bottle Effect and Pore Size Distribution of Cementitious Materials Identified by Pressurization–Depressurization Cycling Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry. Materials. 2019; 12(9):1454. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091454
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Yong, Bin Yang, Zhengxian Yang, and Guang Ye. 2019. "Ink-bottle Effect and Pore Size Distribution of Cementitious Materials Identified by Pressurization–Depressurization Cycling Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry" Materials 12, no. 9: 1454. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091454