Thermal Efficiency Analysis for Laser-Assisted Plasma Arc Welding of AISI 304 Stainless Steel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Arc Voltage
3.2. Energy Coupling Efficiency
3.3. Melting Efficiency
3.4. Thermal Efficiency
4. Summary and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
A-Beam Radius (µm) | B-Laser Power (W) | C-Plasma Gas Flow (L/min) | D-Working Distance (mm) | Weld Seam Cross Section (mm2) | Arc Voltage (V) | Coupling Efficiency | Melting Efficiency | Thermal Efficiency |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
200 | 100 | 1.8 | 5 | 5.87 | 28.5 | 0.686 | 0.137 | 0.094 |
200 | 200 | 1.8 | 3 | 7.88 | 27.6 | 0.686 | 0.184 | 0.126 |
200 | 200 | 1.8 | 5 | 7.28 | 28.5 | 0.716 | 0.158 | 0.113 |
100 | 200 | 1.2 | 3 | 6.46 | 27.1 | 0.667 | 0.157 | 0.105 |
200 | 100 | 1.8 | 3 | 6.84 | 27.7 | 0.733 | 0.153 | 0.112 |
100 | 200 | 1.8 | 3 | 8.50 | 28.2 | 0.726 | 0.183 | 0.133 |
100 | 100 | 1.2 | 5 | 4.80 | 28.1 | 0.665 | 0.117 | 0.078 |
100 | 200 | 1.2 | 5 | 5.38 | 28.1 | 0.703 | 0.119 | 0.084 |
100 | 100 | 1.8 | 5 | 6.62 | 28.5 | 0.741 | 0.142 | 0.105 |
200 | 100 | 1.2 | 3 | 4.83 | 26.8 | 0.653 | 0.126 | 0.082 |
100 | 100 | 1.2 | 3 | 5.70 | 26.9 | 0.665 | 0.144 | 0.096 |
200 | 100 | 1.2 | 5 | 4.31 | 27.8 | 0.692 | 0.101 | 0.070 |
100 | 100 | 1.8 | 3 | 7.01 | 28.0 | 0.705 | 0.162 | 0.114 |
200 | 200 | 1.2 | 3 | 5.90 | 26.9 | 0.665 | 0.146 | 0.097 |
200 | 200 | 1.2 | 5 | 5.32 | 27.7 | 0.699 | 0.122 | 0.085 |
100 | 200 | 1.8 | 5 | 7.46 | 29.3 | 0.731 | 0.155 | 0.113 |
Laser only | ||||||||
100 | 100 | - | - | 0.04 | - | 0.250 | 0.088 | 0.022 |
100 | 200 | - | - | 0.17 | - | 0.310 | 0.155 | 0.048 |
200 | 200 | - | - | 0.06 | - | 0.295 | 0.058 | 0.017 |
200 | 100 | - | - | 0.02 | - | 0.292 | 0.038 | 0.011 |
Plasma only | ||||||||
- | - | 1.2 | 3 | 4.91 | 27.2 | 0.631 | 0.133 | 0.084 |
- | - | 1.8 | 3 | 6.00 | 28.4 | 0.717 | 0.138 | 0.099 |
- | - | 1.8 | 5 | 4.46 | 29.5 | 0.672 | 0.106 | 0.071 |
- | - | 1.2 | 5 | 3.38 | 28.2 | 0.558 | 0.100 | 0.056 |
Center point | ||||||||
150 | 150 | 1.5 | 4 | 5.38 | 27.9 | 0.699 | 0.123 | 0.086 |
150 | 150 | 1.5 | 4 | 5.36 | 27.9 | 0.697 | 0.123 | 0.086 |
150 | 150 | 1.5 | 4 | 5.38 | 28.0 | 0.723 | 0.119 | 0.086 |
150 | 150 | 1.5 | 4 | 5.55 | 28.0 | 0.731 | 0.122 | 0.089 |
150 | 150 | 1.5 | 4 | 5.48 | 28.1 | 0.735 | 0.118 | 0.087 |
Fixed parameters | ||||||||
Welding Speed: 0.4 m/min; Diameter plasma nozzle: 3 mm; Welding current: 120 A; Flow rate of shielding gas; 10 L/min |
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Level: | −1 | 1 | 0 |
---|---|---|---|
(A) Laser beam radius ω0 (µm) | 50 | 100 | 75 |
(B) Laser power PL (W) | 100 | 200 | 150 |
(C) Plasma gas flow QP (L/min) | 1.2 | 1.8 | 1.5 |
(D) Working distance dw (mm) | 3 | 5 | 4 |
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Hipp, D.; Mahrle, A.; Beyer, E.; Jäckel, S.; Hertel, M.; Füssel, U. Thermal Efficiency Analysis for Laser-Assisted Plasma Arc Welding of AISI 304 Stainless Steel. Materials 2019, 12, 1460. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091460
Hipp D, Mahrle A, Beyer E, Jäckel S, Hertel M, Füssel U. Thermal Efficiency Analysis for Laser-Assisted Plasma Arc Welding of AISI 304 Stainless Steel. Materials. 2019; 12(9):1460. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091460
Chicago/Turabian StyleHipp, Dominik, Achim Mahrle, Eckhard Beyer, Sebastian Jäckel, Martin Hertel, and Uwe Füssel. 2019. "Thermal Efficiency Analysis for Laser-Assisted Plasma Arc Welding of AISI 304 Stainless Steel" Materials 12, no. 9: 1460. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091460
APA StyleHipp, D., Mahrle, A., Beyer, E., Jäckel, S., Hertel, M., & Füssel, U. (2019). Thermal Efficiency Analysis for Laser-Assisted Plasma Arc Welding of AISI 304 Stainless Steel. Materials, 12(9), 1460. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091460