Releasing Behavior of Lipopolysaccharide from Gelatin Modulates Inflammation, Cellular Senescence, and Bone Formation in Critical-Sized Bone Defects in Rat Calvaria
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Content Measurement
2.3. Preparation of Gelatin Sponges
2.3.1. Preparation of Medical-Grade Gelatin Sponge without LPS (MG)
2.3.2. Preparation of LPS Sustained-Release Gelatin Sponge (LS-G)
2.3.3. Preparation of LPS Rapid-Release Gelatin Sponge (LR-G)
2.4. Characterization of Sponges
2.5. LPS Release Experiments from Sponges
2.6. Implantation of Sponges
2.7. Hematoxylin-Eosin Staining
2.8. Lysate LPS-Level Test
2.9. Immunohistochemistry Analysis
2.10. Bone Histomorphometric Analysis Utilizing Soft X-ray Imaging
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Preparation and Characterization of Sponges
3.2. Inflammatory Reactions of Defects
3.3. Senescent Cells in Defects
3.4. Bone Formation in Defects
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zhao, J.; Honda, Y.; Tanaka, T.; Hashimoto, Y.; Matsumoto, N. Releasing Behavior of Lipopolysaccharide from Gelatin Modulates Inflammation, Cellular Senescence, and Bone Formation in Critical-Sized Bone Defects in Rat Calvaria. Materials 2020, 13, 95. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13010095
Zhao J, Honda Y, Tanaka T, Hashimoto Y, Matsumoto N. Releasing Behavior of Lipopolysaccharide from Gelatin Modulates Inflammation, Cellular Senescence, and Bone Formation in Critical-Sized Bone Defects in Rat Calvaria. Materials. 2020; 13(1):95. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13010095
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Jianxin, Yoshitomo Honda, Tomonari Tanaka, Yoshiya Hashimoto, and Naoyuki Matsumoto. 2020. "Releasing Behavior of Lipopolysaccharide from Gelatin Modulates Inflammation, Cellular Senescence, and Bone Formation in Critical-Sized Bone Defects in Rat Calvaria" Materials 13, no. 1: 95. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13010095