Comprehensive Review of Hybrid Collagen and Silk Fibroin for Cutaneous Wound Healing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Biomaterial
1.2. Cutaneous Wound
1.3. Collagen
1.4. Silk Fibroin
1.5. Hybrid of Collagen and Silk Fibroin
2. Results
2.1. Characterisation of Hybrid Collagen and Silk Fibroin
2.1.1. Tensile Strength
2.1.2. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
2.1.3. Contact Angle
2.1.4. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
2.1.5. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
2.1.6. Surface Structure of Hybrid Col and SF
2.1.7. Porosity
2.1.8. X-ray Diffraction Study (XRD)
2.1.9. Water Uptake
2.1.10. Cytotoxicity
2.2. Role and Physicochemical Influence of Hybrid Col and SF in Wound Healing
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author | Aim | Study Design | Follow up | Findings | Conclusion |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ghezzi and co-workers (2011) [49] | To study the hybridisation of SF and dense Col for cell proliferation | In vitro | 1st, 5th and 7th day | Physicochemical Characterisation -FTIR peaks at 1627 cm−1. -Absence of alteration in structural component. -High toughness. -High tensile strength. Cell–scaffold interaction -Rapid cell growth of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC). -Even distribution of cell. | -The hybrid scaffold supports the viability of human skin cells. -The dermal Col resembles ECM assisting in MSC seeding in the scaffold. |
Bellas and co-workers (2012) [50] | To develop a 3D human skin equivalent using silk and Col | In vitro | Varies | Physicochemical Characterisation -Not specified Cell–scaffold interaction -Polarised morphology. -Gradual increase of Col-I and Col-IV. -The level of keratin 10 peaks on day 9. -Addition of Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) triggers hyper proliferation. | -3D hybrid scaffold supports all type cell proliferation in human skin. |
Cui and co-workers (2013) [51] | To evaluate the efficacy of Col/SF for biocompatibility of cells | In vitro | 1st, 3rd and 5th day | Physicochemical Characterisation -Scaffold dimeter depends on the SF concentration. -The average tensile strength of the scaffold was 8.7 ± 1.05 MPa when the concentration of SF at 70%. -The amide band I appears as 1646 cm−1, 1647 cm−1, 1647 cm−1, 1652 cm−1,1652 cm−1 for SF concentrations of 0%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100%, respectively. -The amide band II appears as 1540 cm−1 for SF concentrations of 0%, 30%, 50%, while 1541 cm−1 for SF concentrations of 70% and 100%, respectively. Cell-scaffold interaction -Proliferation of fibroblasts (L929) was at its peak by day 5. -70% of SF concentration shows greater range of cell proliferation. | -Hybrid scaffold mimics ECM; thus, it supports cell growth and proliferation. |
Sun and co-workers (2014) [52] | To test the effectiveness of SF incorporated with Col for tissue engineering | In vitro | Varies | Physicochemical Characterisation -The porosity was 94.6 ± 1.1%. -Highly interconnected porous with thick wall. -The water absorption capacity was 1523.7 ± 186.6%. -Young modulus data was 49.7 ± 5.0 KPa. -High compressive characteristic. Cell–scaffold interaction -Rapid proliferation of MSC cells. -Cell infiltration was rapid at the outer surface. -Rate of cell infiltration was at 4 × 102/HP. -Visibility of cell attachment of at the inner surface. | -Hybrid scaffold suitable for tissue engineering. -Hybrid scaffold supports cell adhesion, growth, and proliferation. |
Boonrungsiman and co-workers (2017) [53] | To study the effect of hybridisation of silk-based scaffold and Col type I for skin | In vitro | 1st, 3rd and 7th day | Physicochemical Characterisation -Addition of Col Improves porosity and stability. -Unorganised large pores with an increase of SF. -The pore size ranges from 144.09 ± 25.97 μm to 140.67 ± 38.28 μm. -Col concentration of 7.69% and 14.89%. -Intense molecular organisation at 1071 cm−1. -Increase concentration of Col, increase the compressive modulus. -The water-absorption capacity was exceeded up to 1000% within 30 min. -Rapid degradation at day 21. -Scaffold with 0% and 3.61% of Col concentration maintains stability up to 14 days. Cell–scaffold interaction -Fibroblast adhesion was at its peak in the scaffold with 50% of Col concentration. -Transformation of round-shaped fibroblasts into spindle shaped on the first day. -Small pore size enhances cell migration. -Large pore size enhances cell attachment. | -Hybrid scaffold containing 50% of Col concentration promotes a high range of cell adhesion and the proliferation of fibroblasts. |
Ramadass and co-workers (2019) [54] | To study the hybrid effectiveness of type I Col peptides and nitric oxide releasing electrospun SF scaffold in treating ischemic chronic wounds | In vitro | 1st, 3rd and 5th day | Physicochemical Characterisation -Excellent porous network and void interconnection. -Addition of Col improves hydrophilicity. -No cytotoxic effect. -Presence of antibacterial property. -Nitric oxides reaches a plateau at the 12th h. Cell–scaffold interaction -Excellent adherence of NIH3T3. -Regular morphology of proliferated cell. -Accelerated proliferation of cells. -Extension and spreading of cytoskeleton. | -Hybrid scaffold is proven to be biocompatible and perfect biomaterial for ischemic wound management. |
Qing and co-workers (2018) [55] | To study the outcome of porous Col/SF scaffold incorporated with zinc oxide nanoparticles in wound healing | In vivo | 1st, 2nd, 4th and 8th week | Physicochemical Characterisation -Optimum size of scaffold was at 500–600 nm. -Residual at the injury site was 3.12 ± 0.02 cm2, 2.75 ± 0.14 cm2, 2.81 ± 0.53 cm2, 2.34 ± 0.12 cm2 for the first, second, fourth and eighth hour. Cell–scaffold interaction -Infiltration of inflammatory cells in the control measures. -Rapid formation of granulation tissue was at the first week. -Positive expression of interleukin. -Increased deposition of mRNA expression at the wound site. -Increased deposition of granulation tissue. -Reduced inflammatory cells at the wound site. -On the 4th week, epidermal tissue exhibits a compact structure. -Rapid reepithelisation at the injury site. | -Hybrid scaffold increases the rate of healing by decreasing the inflammatory response. |
Cui and co-workers (2020) [32] | To study the hybrid effectiveness of tussah SF and Col loaded with mesenchymal stem cell for wound healing. | In vivo | 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day | Physicochemical Characterisation -Porosity ranges from 81% to 84%. -Water absorption capacity was >96%. -WVTR ranges from 52% to 64%. -Scaffold that has been freeze-dried shows positive interconnection and porous morphology. -Degradation occurs at 330 °C and 345 °C. -Scaffold porosity increase proportional to the Col level. -Water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) inversely proportional to Col content. Cell–scaffold interaction -60% of cell successfully adhere to the scaffold. -The rate of cell viability increases with the increase of Col concentration. | -Hybrid scaffold promotes the maturation of blood vessels and accelerates wound healing. |
Kim and co-workers (2013) [56] | To study the efficacy of human Col and silkworm gland hydrolysate (SSGH) for wound healing | In vitro and in vivo | 3rd, 7th, 10th and 15th day | Physicochemical Characterisation -The porosity ranges from 61% to 81%. -Increased ratio of SSGH decreases the stability of the scaffold. -Greatest protein release was seen at 1:1 and 1:0 ratio of SSGH. Cell–scaffold interaction -Disappearance of debris. -Rapid re-epithelisation. -Rapid expansion of tissue. -Rapid migration of fibroblasts. -Absence of cytotoxicity at SSGH concentration at 0.01 g/mL to 1 g/mL. | -Hybrid scaffold enhance rapid healing from day 10 until day 15. |
Wu and co-workers (2019) [57] | To study the efficiency of produced nanofibrous mat comprising of (SF)/polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun with chitosan and Col type I in treating dermal wound and formation of scar | In vitro and In vivo | 3rd, 7th and 14th day | Physico-chemical Characterisation -Increased mechanical strength. -Increased hydrophilic property. -Increased porosity. -Major XRD peak at 21.8°. -High crystallinity structure. -Rough surface -Good binding ability of the nanofibrous mat. Cell–scaffold interaction -Increased cell adhesion in cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. -Rapid cell attachment, growth, and proliferation. -Increased production of Col. -Reduced in wound-closure timing. -Reduced scar formation. -Decreased wound-healing time. -Reduced in wound exudation. -Reduced inflammation. | -Hybrid scaffold promotes blood capillary distribution. -Complete wound healing achieved at day 14 day. |
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Naomi, R.; Ratanavaraporn, J.; Fauzi, M.B. Comprehensive Review of Hybrid Collagen and Silk Fibroin for Cutaneous Wound Healing. Materials 2020, 13, 3097. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13143097
Naomi R, Ratanavaraporn J, Fauzi MB. Comprehensive Review of Hybrid Collagen and Silk Fibroin for Cutaneous Wound Healing. Materials. 2020; 13(14):3097. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13143097
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaomi, Ruth, Juthamas Ratanavaraporn, and Mh Busra Fauzi. 2020. "Comprehensive Review of Hybrid Collagen and Silk Fibroin for Cutaneous Wound Healing" Materials 13, no. 14: 3097. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13143097