Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Concretes (LWCs) with Various Aggregates
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Test Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. FE Modelling and Comparison with Experiment Results
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Setting Start Time (min) | Setting End Time (min) | Compressive Strength (MPa) | Blaine Fineness (cm2/g) | Loss on Ignition (%) | Water Demand (%) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2d | 28d | |||||||||||
155 | 195 | 30.2 | 57.3 | 3504 | 3.4 | 27.5 | ||||||
Content (%) | ||||||||||||
SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | SO3 | Na2O | K2O | TiO2 | Cl | |||
21.7 | 6.2 | 3.1 | 63.4 | 1.0 | 3.9 | 0.16 | 0.64 | 0.25 | 0.06 | |||
Mineralogical composition. content (%) | ||||||||||||
Na2Oeq | C3S | C2S | C3A | C4AF | ||||||||
0.7 | 63.1 | 7.6 | 6.1 | 8.9 |
Aggregate Type | Content (%) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | SO3 | Na2O | K2O | Loss on Ignition | |
GEGA | 63.33 | 0.74 | - | 14.19 | 2.98 | 0.32 | 13.35 | 0.57 | 4.53 |
GAA | 52.82 | 24.28 | 7.5 | 4.5 | 3.19 | 0.43 | - | 0.2 | 7.1 |
Property | GEGA 2 mm [48] | GEGA 4 mm [48] | GAA 8 mm [49] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Water absorption WA24 | (%) | 15.2 | 17.8 | 16.5 |
Volume density ρa | (kg/m3) | 380 | 350 | 1350 |
Density of dried grain ρrd | (kg/m3) | 340 | 310 | 1250 |
Density of saturated grain ρssd | (kg/m3) | 360 | 330 | 1290 |
Open porosity Po | (%) | 37 | 42 | 37 |
Crumble indicator Xr | (%) | 22.3 | 25.9 | 17.8 |
pH after 24 h | (-) | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.1 |
Bulk density in a loose state ρb | (kg/m3) | 200 | 180 | 680 |
Thermal conductivity of 40 cm layer of aggregate | (W/m·K) | 0.71 | 0.69 | 0.85 |
Granule | Pore Radius (nm) | Pore Volume (cm3/g) | Pore Surface Area (m2/g) |
---|---|---|---|
GEGA 2 mm | 1.55–3.71 | 1.02–7.56 × 10–3 | 2.62–12.12 |
GEGA 4 mm | 1.69–3.70 | 1.25–8.54 × 10–3 | 2.99–14.53 |
GAA 8 mm | 1.32–2.83 | 0.99–6.67 × 10–3 | 2.51–10.55 |
Lightweight Concrete Designation | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LWC | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | |
GEGA 2 mm | (%) | 0 | 25 | 50 | 75 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 100 |
(kg/m3) | 0 | 65 | 130 | 195 | 0 | 0 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 130 | 130 | 0 | 0 | 195 | 260 | |
GEGA 4 mm | (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 75 | 50 | 25 | 75 | 50 | 25 | 50 | 25 | 25 | 0 |
(kg/m3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 240 | 180 | 120 | 60 | 180 | 120 | 60 | 120 | 60 | 60 | 0 | |
GAA 8 mm | (%) | 100 | 75 | 50 | 25 | 0 | 25 | 25 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 50 | 75 | 0 | 0 |
(kg/m3) | 580 | 435 | 290 | 145 | 0 | 145 | 145 | 290 | 0 | 0 | 145 | 290 | 435 | 0 | 0 | |
CEM I 42,5R | (kg/m3) | 500 | ||||||||||||||
Water | (kg/m3) | 250 | ||||||||||||||
(W/C) | 0.5 |
Test | Specimen Size (m) | Quantity of the Specimens (Pieces) | Total Specimens Quantity (Pieces) |
---|---|---|---|
Volume density in a dry state | 0.10 × 0.10 × 0.10 | 3 | 45 |
Compression strength at 28 days | 0.15 × 0.15 × 0.15 | 6 | 90 |
Compression strength increase at other number of days, than 28 (1, 3, 7, 14, 56, and 90) | 0.15 × 0.15 × 0.15 | 3 × 6 = 18 | 270 |
Porosity | 0.10 × 0.10 × 0.10 | 3 | 45 |
Modulus of elasticity | ϕ = 0.15, h = 0.3 | 3 | 45 |
Specimens Designation | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LWC | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
Consistency (mm) | 120 | 110 | 100 | 140 | 90 | 150 | 130 | 130 | 150 | 130 | 120 | 150 | 140 | 70 | 50 |
Open porosity po (%) | 20.8 | 17.7 | 16.0 | 22.1 | 67.0 | 45.0 | 27.4 | 24.0 | 65.9 | 26.4 | 20.1 | 36.6 | 25.6 | 19.3 | 15.2 |
Density ρ (kg/m3) | 1560 | 1378 | 1177 | 877 | 1078 | 1028 | 1058 | 1117 | 929 | 903 | 1041 | 1059 | 1304 | 1060 | 1002 |
Strength f cubcm 28, (MPa) | 18.6 | 21.4 | 13.4 | 3.7 | 12.5 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 10.1 | 4.2 | 5.4 | 7.0 | 5.4 | 8.9 | 6.4 | 6.9 |
f cylcm 28, (MPa) | 16.3 | 18.7 | 11.8 | 3.3 | 11.5 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 10.0 | 4.1 | 5.3 | 6.5 | 4.9 | 7.8 | 6.3 | 6.0 |
Modulus of elasticity Ec,0 (GPa) | 23.3 | 22.1 | 14.7 | 5.3 | 3.2 | 7.4 | 5.9 | 15.9 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 8.6 | 16.1 | 24.2 | 4.3 | 3.7 |
Ec,s A (GPa) | 24.0 | 23.2 | 15.6 | 5.8 | 3.6 | 8.2 | 6.5 | 16.6 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 9.4 | 16.9 | 25.0 | 4.7 | 4.0 |
Material Parameters | Material | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GAA 8 mm | GEGA 4 mm | GEGA 2 mm | Mortar | ||
Stiffness modulus | (GPa) | 18.9 | 4.7 | 3.8 | 23.9 |
Poisson ratio | (-) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.167 |
Strength | (MPa) | 9.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 52.8 |
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Kurpińska, M.; Ferenc, T. Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Concretes (LWCs) with Various Aggregates. Materials 2020, 13, 3474. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13163474
Kurpińska M, Ferenc T. Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Concretes (LWCs) with Various Aggregates. Materials. 2020; 13(16):3474. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13163474
Chicago/Turabian StyleKurpińska, Marzena, and Tomasz Ferenc. 2020. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Concretes (LWCs) with Various Aggregates" Materials 13, no. 16: 3474. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13163474