Asbestos-Based Pottery from Corsica: The First Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composite
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Pottery Shards
2.2. Methods
3. Results
3.1. Compositions
3.2. Evidence of Asbestos Fibers
3.3. Tentative Identification of Minerals
3.4. OH Groups, Water and Clays
3.5. Heating-Induced Effects and Remarks on Preparation Procedure
3.6. Evidence of Residues: Gold Ore Processing
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
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Oxide | Sample b | Sample c | Sample a | Sample d | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
«0» | «4» | «3» | «6» | «1» | «6» | «8» | «0» | «1» | «2» | «6» | |
SiO2 | 50.73 | 42.79 | 50.41 | 56.78 | 54.91 | 55.68 | 42.21 | 55.52 | 55.39 | 61.24 | 4.68 |
Al2O3 | 3.47 | 11.01 | 7.63 | 1.88 | 1.63 | 14.13 | 28.29 | 3.19 | 1.92 | 4.88 | 1.26 |
CaO | 17.87 | 2.43 | 6.44 | 9.74 | 12.81 | 6.34 | 20.08 | 11.47 | 13.06 | 11.57 | 0.82 |
MgO | 19.74 | 23.23 | 15.84 | 23.53 | 21.99 | 8.02 | 1.93 | 22.54 | 20.03 | 11.72 | 3.45 |
K2O | 0.35 | 0.97 | 0.29 | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.23 | 0.09 | 0.20 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.09 |
Na2O | 0.36 | 0.31 | 0.12 | 1.10 | 0.76 | 4.82 | 0.24 | 0.46 | 0.76 | 5.11 | 0.03 |
Fe2O3 | 6.44 | 17.75 | 18.12 | 6.14 | 7.18 | 8.78 | 6.45 | 4.54 | 5.03 | 4.81 | 88.20 |
TiO2 | 0.13 | 0.40 | 0.18 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 1.52 | 0.15 | 0.63 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.15 |
NiO | 0.41 | 0.52 | 0.44 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.27 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.30 |
MnO2 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.24 | 0.16 | 0.37 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.19 |
SO3 | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.22 | 0.05 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.70 | 0.26 | 0.20 | 0.06 |
Cr2O3 | 0.23 | 0.48 | 0.34 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.24 | 0.79 |
(a) | ||||||||||
Samples/ Phases | Actinolite (Heated) | Antigorite | Crocidolite (Blue Asbestos) | Tremolite | Chlorite–Serpentine | Quartz | Albite | Diopside | Ortho-pyroxene | Talc |
a | ++ | ++++ | ++ | ++ | + | |||||
c | ++ | ++++ | + | + | ++ | + | ||||
d | +++ | ++++ | ++ | ++ | + | + | ||||
b | ++++ | +++ | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | + | + | + | |
(b) | ||||||||||
Samples/ Phases | Antigorite Chrysotile Serpentine | Crocidolite Amphibole (Blue Asbestos) | Amosite Amphibole | Quartz | Feldspar | Diopside | Pyroxene | Talc | Forsterite | |
690 | ~664 | 658 | 460 | 503 | 668 1015 | 680 1007 | 820–850 | |||
a | ++ | + | + | + | ||||||
b | +++ | +++ | ||||||||
c | +++ | + | + | |||||||
d | +++ | ++ | + | ++ |
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Colomban, P.; Kremenović, A. Asbestos-Based Pottery from Corsica: The First Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composite. Materials 2020, 13, 3597. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13163597
Colomban P, Kremenović A. Asbestos-Based Pottery from Corsica: The First Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composite. Materials. 2020; 13(16):3597. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13163597
Chicago/Turabian StyleColomban, Philippe, and Aleksandar Kremenović. 2020. "Asbestos-Based Pottery from Corsica: The First Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composite" Materials 13, no. 16: 3597. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13163597