An In Vitro Study on the Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oil Modified Resin Composite against Oral Pathogens
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Microbiological Studies of Essential Oils
2.2. Microbiological Studies of Composite Resin Material Modified with Essential Oil
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils (Inhibition Growth Zone)
3.2. Antimicrobial Activity of Composite Resin Modified with Essential Oil
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Essential Oil | Anise | Citronella | Cinnamon | Clove | Geranium | Lavender | Limette | Mint | Rosemary | Thyme |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anise | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
Citronella | 0.688 | |||||||||
Cinnamon | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
Clove | <0.001 | 0.157 | <0.001 | |||||||
Geranium | 0.905 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | NS | 0.604 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
Lavender | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
Limette | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||||
Mint | ||||||||||
Rosemary | <0.001 | 0.181 | 0.940 | <0.001 | ||||||
Thyme | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | NS | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Essential oil | Anise | Cinnamon | Citronella | Clove | Geranium | Lavender | Limette | Mint | Rosemary | Thyme |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anise | <0.001 | 0.544 | <0.001 | < 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Cinnamon | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
Citronella | <0.001 | |||||||||
Clove | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
Geranium | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.209 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
Lavender | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
Limette | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Mint | ||||||||||
Rosemary | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.557 | <0.001 | ||||||
Thyme | 0.734 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Essential oil | Anise | Cinnamon | Citronella | Clove | Geranium | Lavender | Limette | Mint | Rosemary | Thyme |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anise | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Cinnamon | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
Citronella | <0.001 | |||||||||
Clove | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.486 | |||||||
Geranium | <0.001 | 0.030 | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.648 | <0.001 | ||
Lavender | 0.252 | <0.001 | ||||||||
Limette | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Mint | ||||||||||
Rosemary | 0.009 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
Thyme | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
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Essential Oil (Name of EO in INCI) | Composition |
---|---|
Star anise (Illicium Verum Oil) | trans-anethole (86.0%–93.0%), linalool (0.2%–2.5%), estragole (0.5%–6.0%), α-terpineol (<0.3%), cis-anethole (0.1%–0.5%), anisaldehyde (0.1%–0.5%), foeniculin (0.1%–3.0%) [53] |
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Bark Oil) | cinnamaldehyde (76.8%), methoxycinnamaldehyde (11.7%), cinnamyl acetate (3.2%), cumarin (1.5%), benzaldehyde (1.1%) [48,49] |
Citronella (Cymbopogon Winterianus Oil) | citronellal (36.2%), geraniol (22.4%), citronellol (14.1%), limonene (3.5%), elemol (3.3%), citronellyl acetate (3.2%) [51] |
Clove (Eugenia Caryophyllus Oil) | eugenol (85.3%), β-caryophyllene (10.6%), α-humulene (2.0%) [47,49] |
Geranium (Pelargonium Graveolens Oil) | citronellol (26.7%), geraniol (13.4%), nerol (8.7%), citronellyl formate (7.1%), isomenthone (6.3%), linalool (5.2%), 10-epi-γ-eudesmol (4.4%), geranyl formate (2.5%), menthone (1.6%), β-caryophyllene (1.5%), geranyl butyrate, cis-rose oxide (1.4%), geranial (1.1%), β-baurobonene (1.1%) [47,48,49,52] |
Lavender (Lavandula Angustifolia Oil) | linalool (34.1%), linalyl acetate (33.3%), lavandulil acetate (3.2%), β-ocymene (3.2%), β-caryophyllene (2.7%), cineole (2.5%), terpinen-4-ol (2.5%), myrecene (2.4%), α-terpineol (1.8%) [48,49] |
Limette (Citrus aurantifolia oil) | linalyl acetate (48.06%), linalool (26.88%), α-terpineol (5.74%), geranyl acetate (3.92%), geraniol (3.05%), geranial (2.44%) [50] |
Mint (Mentha Piperita Oil) | menthol (30.0%–55.0%), menthone (14.0%–32.0%), cineole (3.5%–14.0%), menthyl acetate (2.8%–10.0%), isomenthone (1.5%–10.0%), menthofuran (1.0%–9.0%), limonene (1.0%–5.0%), isopulegol (<0.2%), pulegone (<4.0%), carvone (<1.0%) [53] |
Rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis Oil) | 1.8-cineole (46.4%), camphor (11.4%), α-pinene (11.0%), β-pinene (9.2%), camphene (5.2%), β-caryophyllene (3.5%), borneol (3.1%), αa-terpineol (1.8%), p-cymene (1.3%), myrecene (1.2%) [47,49] |
Thyme (Thymus Vulgaris Oil) | thymol (38.1%), p-cymene (29.1%), γ-terpinene (5.2%), linalool (3.7%), β-Caryophyllene (3.1%), carvacrol (2.3%) [46,47,49] |
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Lapinska, B.; Szram, A.; Zarzycka, B.; Grzegorczyk, J.; Hardan, L.; Sokolowski, J.; Lukomska-Szymanska, M. An In Vitro Study on the Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oil Modified Resin Composite against Oral Pathogens. Materials 2020, 13, 4383. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13194383
Lapinska B, Szram A, Zarzycka B, Grzegorczyk J, Hardan L, Sokolowski J, Lukomska-Szymanska M. An In Vitro Study on the Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oil Modified Resin Composite against Oral Pathogens. Materials. 2020; 13(19):4383. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13194383
Chicago/Turabian StyleLapinska, Barbara, Aleksandra Szram, Beata Zarzycka, Janina Grzegorczyk, Louis Hardan, Jerzy Sokolowski, and Monika Lukomska-Szymanska. 2020. "An In Vitro Study on the Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oil Modified Resin Composite against Oral Pathogens" Materials 13, no. 19: 4383. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13194383