Influence of Dispersing Method on the Quality of Nano-Admixtures Homogenization in Cement Matrix
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Nanomaterials and Chemical Admixtures
- nano-SiO2, nano-silica—dispersion of colloidal silica with approximately 50% solids by weight, the particles were spheres with the size 40–140 nm, density 1.4 g/cm3, viscosity 8 cP, pH 9.5 (product of Levasil OF8);
- nano-Fe3O4, nano-magnetite—the particles have a cubic structure with the size of about 50–100 nm, purity 97% (product of Sigma Aldrich 637106, (Sigma Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA);
- nano-Pb3O4—the particles were spheres with the size 1–2 µm, purity 99% (product of Sigma Aldrich 241547).
2.2. Cement and Fine Aggregate
2.3. Mixtures Proportioning and Preparation of Mortar Specimens
2.4. Test Methods
2.4.1. Dispersing the Nanomaterials in Water
2.4.2. Mechanical Properties of the Mortars
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Dispersing of the Nanomaterials in Water
3.2. Mechanical Properties of Mortars
4. Sum Up and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Method | Form of Nanoparticles | Mechanism | Advantages | Disadvantages |
---|---|---|---|---|
Grinding | Powder | Grinding as fine as possible | The method is useful for the large volumes of nanoparticles | The method is slow and low-efficient |
Magnetic and mechanical stirring | In liquid media | The stirrer rotating at the high speed, sufficient to create a vortex | The method is relatively inexpensive | The method is low-effective, re-agglomeration usually occurs when stopping to stir |
High-speed homogenisation | In liquid media | High rate of rotation draws the material to the head, where it is mixed intensively The centrifugal force directs the material to the edges of the head, where it is mechanically cut inside the gap between the rotor and the stator | The method is useful for the large volumes of the liquids | The method is rarely used, mainly for the graphene oxide (GO) and other 2D nanomaterials |
High-pressure homogenisation | In liquid media | Increase of the velocity of liquids streams under pressure inside the micro-channels causes shear and cavitation | The method is highly effective | The method usually causes the rise of temperature and is expensive |
Ultrasonication | In liquid media | Use of the ultrasonic waves energy and cavitation in the water | The method is relatively inexpensive | The method can change the nanoparticles structure due to the rise of temperature. Efficiency of the process is unstable |
Cement Type | CaO | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | MgO | Na2O | K2O | SO3 | Loss on Ignition LOI | Specific Density [g/cm3] | Surface Area [cm2/g] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CEM I 42.5 R | 63.29 | 19.52 | 4.88 | 2.91 | 1.31 | 0.10 | 0.90 | 2.79 | 3.01 | 3.05 | 3956 |
Mix Designation | Sand [g] | Cement [g] | Water [g] | Water/Cement | SiO2 [g] | SiO2/Cement | Superplasticiser/Cement |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R | 1546 | 518 | 257 | 0.5 | 0.00 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Method A | 1546 | 518 | 257 | 0.5 | 15.6 | 3.0% | 0.0% |
Method B | 1546 | 518 | 257 | 0.5 | 15.6 | 3.0% | 0.0% |
Method C | 1546 | 518 | 257 | 0.5 | 15.6 | 3.0% | 1.5% |
Sample Designation | R | Method A | Method B | Method C |
---|---|---|---|---|
Flexural strength after 2 days, MPa | 5.70 | 5.36 | 6.04 | 6.89 |
Flexural strength after 28 days, MPa | 7.62 | 6.78 | 7.70 | 8.01 |
Compressive strength after 2 days, MPa | 31.53 | 30.27 | 39.09 | 41.62 |
Compressive strength after 28 days, MPa | 52.18 | 48.01 | 63.14 | 67.83 |
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Horszczaruk, E.; Łukowski, P.; Seul, C. Influence of Dispersing Method on the Quality of Nano-Admixtures Homogenization in Cement Matrix. Materials 2020, 13, 4865. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13214865
Horszczaruk E, Łukowski P, Seul C. Influence of Dispersing Method on the Quality of Nano-Admixtures Homogenization in Cement Matrix. Materials. 2020; 13(21):4865. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13214865
Chicago/Turabian StyleHorszczaruk, Elżbieta, Paweł Łukowski, and Cyprian Seul. 2020. "Influence of Dispersing Method on the Quality of Nano-Admixtures Homogenization in Cement Matrix" Materials 13, no. 21: 4865. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13214865