Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Activity of a New Class of Silver Citrate-Based Compounds as Endodontic Irrigants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cytotoxicity Test
2.2. F.T.-IR Spectroscopy in Attenuated Total Reflectance (A.T.R.)
2.3. Assessment of Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Concentration | BioAKT | BioAKT Endo | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Control | 1.29 ± 0.04 (1.22, 1.35) | 1.25 ± 0.12 (1.06, 1.45) | 0.89 |
0.25% | 0.98 ± 0.04 (0.91, 1.05) | 1.05 ± 0.07 (0.95, 1.16) | 0.34 |
0.5% | 0.95 ± 0.07 (0.85, 1.06) | 0.95 ± 0.07 (0.83, 1.06) | 1.00 |
1.0% | 0.54 ± 0.06 (0.43, 0.64) | 0.53 ± 0.02 (0.49, 0.57) | 1.00 |
2.5% | 0.067 ± 0.002 (0.06, 0.08) | 0.070 ± 0.004 (0.06, 0.08) | 0.20 |
5.0% | 0.072 ± 0.001 (0.070, 0.074) | 0.077 ± 0.006 (0.068, 0.086 | 0.11 |
Tukey’s Multiple Comparison Test | Mean Diff, | q | Significance | 95% CI of Diff |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.25% vs. CONTROL | −0.3060 | 13.74 | *** | −0.4061 to −0.2059 |
0.5% vs. CONTROL | −0.3352 | 15.06 | *** | −0.4353 to −0.2352 |
1% vs. CONTROL | −0.7495 | 33.66 | *** | −0.8496 to −0.6494 |
2.5% vs. CONTROL | −1.219 | 54.76 | *** | −1.319 to −1.119 |
5% vs. CONTROL | −1.214 | 54.53 | *** | −1.314 to −1.114 |
0.25% vs. 0.5% | 0.02924 | 1.313 | ns | −0.07083 to 0.1293 |
0.25% vs. 1% | 0.4435 | 19.92 | *** | 0.3434 to 0.5436 |
0.25% vs. 2.5% | 0.9131 | 41.01 | *** | 0.8130 to 1.013 |
0.25% vs. 5% | 0.9080 | 40.79 | *** | 0.8080 to 1.008 |
0.5% vs. 1% | 0.4142 | 18.61 | *** | 0.3142 to 0.5143 |
0.5% vs. 2.5% | 0.8838 | 39.70 | *** | 0.7838 to 0.9839 |
0.5% vs. 5% | 0.8788 | 39.47 | *** | 0.7787 to 0.9789 |
1% vs. 2.5% | 0.4696 | 21.09 | *** | 0.3695 to 0.5697 |
1% vs. 5% | 0.4646 | 20.87 | *** | 0.3645 to 0.5646 |
2.5% vs. 5% | −0.005032 | 0.2260 | ns | −0.1051 to 0.09504 |
Tukey’s Multiple Comparison Test | Mean Diff, | q | Significance | 95% CI of Diff |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.25% vs. CONTROL | −0.2003 | 6.165 | ** | −0.3463 to −0.05426 |
0.5% vs. CONTROL | −0.3029 | 9.324 | *** | −0.4490 to −0.1569 |
1% vs. CONTROL | −0.7252 | 22.32 | *** | −0.8712 to −0.5791 |
2.5% vs. CONTROL | −1.183 | 36.40 | *** | −1.329 to −1.037 |
5% vs. CONTROL | −1.175 | 36.18 | *** | −1.321 to −1.029 |
0.25% vs. 0.5% | 0.1027 | 3.160 | ns | −0.04339 to 0.2487 |
0.25% vs. 1% | 0.5249 | 16.16 | *** | 0.3788 to 0.6709 |
0.25% vs. 2.5% | 0.9825 | 30.24 | *** | 0.8364 to 1.129 |
0.25% vs. 5% | 0.9751 | 30.01 | *** | 0.8290 to 1.121 |
0.5% vs. 1% | 0.4222 | 13.00 | *** | 0.2762 to 0.5683 |
0.5% vs. 2.5% | 0.8798 | 27.08 | *** | 0.7338 to 1.026 |
0.5% vs. 5% | 0.8724 | 26.85 | *** | 0.7264 to 1.018 |
1% vs. 2.5% | 0.4576 | 14.08 | *** | 0.3115 to 0.6036 |
1% vs. 5% | 0.4502 | 13.86 | *** | 0.3042 to 0.5962 |
2.5% vs. 5% | −0.007384 | 0.2273 | ns | −0.1534 to 0.1387 |
Solutions | Dilution | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
MIC | MBC | MBEC 1 min | M.B.E.C. 3 min | |
BioAKT | 1:16 | 1:8 | 1:8 | 1:16 |
BioAKT Endo | 1:16 | 1:8 | 1:8 | 1:16 |
Solutions | 1 min | 3 min |
---|---|---|
Control vs. Bioakt | ns | ns |
Control vs. BioAKT Endo | ns | * |
Bioakt vs. BioAKT Endo | ns | ns |
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Generali, L.; Bertoldi, C.; Bidossi, A.; Cassinelli, C.; Morra, M.; Del Fabbro, M.; Savadori, P.; Ballal, N.V.; Giardino, L. Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Activity of a New Class of Silver Citrate-Based Compounds as Endodontic Irrigants. Materials 2020, 13, 5019. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13215019
Generali L, Bertoldi C, Bidossi A, Cassinelli C, Morra M, Del Fabbro M, Savadori P, Ballal NV, Giardino L. Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Activity of a New Class of Silver Citrate-Based Compounds as Endodontic Irrigants. Materials. 2020; 13(21):5019. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13215019
Chicago/Turabian StyleGenerali, Luigi, Carlo Bertoldi, Alessandro Bidossi, Clara Cassinelli, Marco Morra, Massimo Del Fabbro, Paolo Savadori, Nidambur Vasudev Ballal, and Luciano Giardino. 2020. "Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Activity of a New Class of Silver Citrate-Based Compounds as Endodontic Irrigants" Materials 13, no. 21: 5019. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13215019