A Pathway toward a New Era of Open-Cell Polyurethane Foams—Influence of Bio-Polyols Derived from Used Cooking Oil on Foams Properties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Foam Formulation
2.2. Preparation of Samples
2.3. Characterization of Bio-Polyols, Foaming Process and Foam Properties
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Properties | UCO_TEA | UCO_DEG | Rokopol 551 |
---|---|---|---|
Hydroxyl value, mgKOH/g | 348 | 277 | 420 |
Acid value, mgKOH/g | 2.31 | 1.35 | 0.10 |
Water content, % mas. | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.10 |
Average molecular weight, g/mol | 522 | 492 | ~600 |
Viscosity, mPa·s | 182 | 56 | 3000–5000 |
Functionality | ~2.2 | ~1.9 | ~4.5 |
Raw Materials, g | REF | OPU_DEG_20 OPU_TEA_20 | OPU_DEG_40 OPU_TEA_40 | OPU_DEG_60 OPU_TEA_60 | OPU_DEG_80 OPU_TEA_80 | OPU_DEG_100 OPU_TEA_100 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rokopol 551 | 100 | 80 | 60 | 40 | 20 | 0 |
Bio-polyol UCO_DEG or UCO_TEA | 0 | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 | 100 |
Polycat 218 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Tegostab8870 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
Ortegol 500 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Water | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
Ongronat 2100 | 332 | 323.4 | 314.8 | 306.4 | 297.8 | 289.3 |
328.1 | 324.2 | 320.3 | 316.4 | 312.4 |
Symbol | Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity Measured at Average Temperature, mW/m·K: | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 °C | 10 °C | 20 °C | ||||
REF | 41.35 | ±0.17 | 43.90 | ±0.16 | 45.83 | ±0.57 |
OPU_DEG_20 | 36.95 | ±0.16 | 38.95 | ±0.50 | 40.05 | ±0.12 |
OPU_DEG_40 | 42.38 | ±0.63 | 43.60 | ±4.97 | 44.28 | ±1.52 |
OPU_DEG_60 | 37.93 | ±0.62 | 39.76 | ±0.23 | 41.62 | ±1.40 |
OPU_DEG_80 | 38.47 | ±0.32 | 40.16 | ±0.70 | 42.62 | ±0.78 |
OPU_DEG_100 | 39.15 | ±0.44 | 41.34 | ±0.58 | 43.17 | ±0.44 |
OPU_TEA_20 | 35.99 | ±1.62 | 37.63 | ±1.90 | 39.98 | ±2.05 |
OPU_TEA_40 | 36.00 | ±0.46 | 37.96 | ±1.06 | 39.93 | ±0.74 |
OPU_TEA_60 | 37.25 | ±1.50 | 39.57 | ±0.80 | 41.68 | ±0.72 |
OPU_TEA_80 | 37.18 | ±0.24 | 39.02 | ±0.43 | 41.61 | ±0.31 |
OPU_TEA_100 | 37.15 | ±1.41 | 39.06 | ±1.31 | 40.44 | ±1.22 |
Symbol | Dimensional Stability at 70 °C after 24 h/48 h, % | Dimensional Stability at −25 °C after 24 h/48 h, % | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Length | Width | Thickness | Length | Width | Thickness | |
REF | −0.15/0.12 | −0.46/0.50 | −0.52/0.04 | −0.04/−0.34 | 0.07/−0.15 | 0.07/−0.97 |
OPU_DEG_20 | 0.22/0.24 | 0.51/0.30 | 0.49/0.46 | 0. 40/−0.01 | 0.07/−0.29 | 0.05/−0.68 |
OPU_DEG_40 | 0.37/0.33 | 0.33/0.24 | 0.69/0.43 | 0.03/−0.18 | −0.07/−0.16 | −0.20/−0.66 |
OPU_DEG_60 | 0.39/0.28 | 0.38/0.35 | −0.30/−0.17 | 0.15/−0.04 | −0.08/−0.24 | −0.09/−0.60 |
OPU_DEG_80 | 0.61/0.56 | 0.45/0.22 | 0.34/0.07 | −0.07/−0.26 | −0.13/−0.22 | −0.76/−1.26 |
OPU_DEG_100 | −0.10/−0.25 | 0.12/−0.09 | 0.39/0.29 | −0.06/−0.01 | −0.11/−0.22 | −0.40/−0.15 |
OPU_TEA_20 | −0.48/−0.76 | 0.30/0.19 | 0.49/−0.06 | 0.04/−0.02 | 0.26/0.10 | 0.79/0.86 |
OPU_TEA_40 | 0.14/−0.06 | 0.12/−0.15 | 0.60/0.01 | 0.09/0.01 | 0.11/0.00 | 0.37/0.04 |
OPU_TEA_60 | 0.89/0.97 | 0.30/0.16 | 0.90/0.86 | 0.12/−0.01 | 0.13/0.09 | 0.28/0.22 |
OPU_TEA_80 | 0.16/−0.06 | 0.12/−0.10 | −0.01/−0.42 | −0.11/−0.15 | 0.02/−0.10 | −0.12/0.14 |
OPU_TEA _100 | 1.46/1.36 | 1.37/1.29 | 1.65/1.47 | −0.19/−0.42 | −0.15/−0.29 | −0.41/−0.42 |
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Kurańska, M.; Malewska, E.; Polaczek, K.; Prociak, A.; Kubacka, J. A Pathway toward a New Era of Open-Cell Polyurethane Foams—Influence of Bio-Polyols Derived from Used Cooking Oil on Foams Properties. Materials 2020, 13, 5161. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13225161
Kurańska M, Malewska E, Polaczek K, Prociak A, Kubacka J. A Pathway toward a New Era of Open-Cell Polyurethane Foams—Influence of Bio-Polyols Derived from Used Cooking Oil on Foams Properties. Materials. 2020; 13(22):5161. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13225161
Chicago/Turabian StyleKurańska, Maria, Elżbieta Malewska, Krzysztof Polaczek, Aleksander Prociak, and Joanna Kubacka. 2020. "A Pathway toward a New Era of Open-Cell Polyurethane Foams—Influence of Bio-Polyols Derived from Used Cooking Oil on Foams Properties" Materials 13, no. 22: 5161. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13225161