Study of the Forming Characteristics of Small-Caliber Ammunition with Circumferential MEFP
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Structural Design and Analysis
3. Numerical Model of Integral Circumferential MEFP Warhead
3.1. Finite-Element Model of Integral Circumferential MEFP Warhead
3.2. Material Model
4. Numerical Simulation Results of Integral Circumferential MEFP Warhead
4.1. Forming Results of Integral Circumferential MEFP Warhead
1#EFP-4#EFP Forming Velocity of the Integral Circumferential MEFP Warhead
5. Influence of the Parameters of the Liner on the Shape and Speed of MEFP
5.1. Structural Design of MEFP
5.2. Simulation Results and Analysis
5.2.1. Forming Results of R1 = 10 mm
5.2.2. Forming Results of R1 = 12 mm
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Basic Parameters of MEFP | Scheme | Curvature Radius of Inner Wall of Liner (R1) | Curvature Radius of Outer Wall of Liner (R2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
The charging height is 52 mm, the diameter of the charging is 37 mm, the shell thickness is 1.5 mm, and the diameter of the liner is 9 mm | 1 | 1 mm | 8 mm | 6 mm |
2 | 10 mm | 8 mm | ||
3 | 12 mm | 10 mm | ||
4 | 14 mm | 12 mm | ||
5 | 1.15 mm | 8 mm | 6 mm | |
6 | 10 mm | 8 mm | ||
7 | 12 mm | 10 mm | ||
8 | 14 mm | 12 mm | ||
9 | 1.3 mm | 8 mm | 6 mm | |
10 | 10 mm | 8 mm | ||
11 | 12 mm | 10 mm | ||
12 | 14 mm | 12 mm |
Material | (g/cm3) | D | E (GPa) | A (GPa) | B (GPa) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Explosive | 1.71 | 0.83 | 28.6 | 8.5 | 524.23 | 7.678 | 34 | 1.1 | 0.34 | 1 |
Material | (g/cm3) | G (GPa) | A (MPa) | B (MPa) | C | S | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Copper | 8.93 | 46.5 | 90 | 292 | 0.31 | 0.025 | 1.09 | 1356 | 293 | 2.02 | 0.39 | 1.49 |
Material | (kJ/kg·k) | (kJ/kg·k) | T(K) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Air | 1.225 | 1.4 | 1.005 | 0.718 | 288.2 | 206,800 |
Projectile Number | Radius of Curvature | t = 1 mm | t = 1.15 mm | = 1.3 mm |
---|---|---|---|---|
1#EFP | R1 = 8 mm, R2 = 6 mm | 2326 m/s | 2228 m/s | 2357 m/s |
R1 = 10 mm, R2 = 8 mm | 2081 m/s | 2068 m/s | 1961 m/s | |
R1 = 12 mm, R2 = 10 mm | 2052 m/s | 2022 m/s | 1926 m/s | |
R1 = 14 mm, R2 = 12 mm | 2035 m/s | 2012 m/s | 1920 m/s | |
2#EFP | R1 = 8 mm, R2 = 6 mm | 2359 m/s | 2241 m/s | 2469 m/s |
R1 = 10 mm, R2 = 8 mm | 2114 m/s | 2110 m/s | 2097 m/s | |
R1 = 12 mm, R2 = 10 mm | 2105 m/s | 2053 m/s | 2035 m/s | |
R1 = 14 mm, R2 = 12 mm | 2040 m/s | 2041 m/s | 2014 m/s | |
3#EFP | R1 = 8 mm, R2 = 6 mm | 2517 m/s | 2421 m/s | 2586 m/s |
R1 = 10 mm, R2 = 8 mm | 2115 m/s | 2115 m/s | 2246 m/s | |
R1 = 12 mm, R2 = 10 mm | 2113 m/s | 2108 m/s | 2053 m/s | |
R1 = 14 mm, R2 = 12 mm | 2094 m/s | 2088 m/s | 2046 m/s | |
4#EFP | R1 = 8 mm, R2 = 6 mm | 2573 m/s | 2472 m/s | 2594 m/s |
R1 = 10 mm, R2 = 8 mm | 2161 m/s | 2158 m/s | 2102 m/s | |
R1 = 12 mm, R2 = 10 mm | 2130 m/s | 2111 m/s | 2017 m/s | |
R1 = 14 mm, R2 = 12 mm | 2120 m/s | 2104 m/s | 2011 m/s |
Basic Parameters of MEFP | Curvature Radius of Inner Wall of Liner (R1) | Curvature Radius of Outer Wall of Liner (R2) | |
---|---|---|---|
The charging height is 52 mm, the diameter of the charging is 37 mm, the shell thickness is 1.5 mm, and the diameter of the liner is 9 mm | 1 mm | 10 mm | 6 mm |
7 mm | |||
9 mm | |||
10 mm | |||
12 mm | 8 mm | ||
9 mm | |||
11 mm | |||
12 mm | |||
1.15 mm | 10 mm | 6 mm | |
7 mm | |||
9 mm | |||
10 mm | |||
12 mm | 8 mm | ||
9 mm | |||
11 mm | |||
12 mm | |||
1.3 mm | 10 mm | 6 mm | |
7 mm | |||
9 mm | |||
10 mm | |||
12 mm | 8 mm | ||
9 mm | |||
11 mm | |||
12 mm |
Projectile Number | Curvature Radius | t = 1 mm | t = 1.15 mm | t = 1.3 mm |
---|---|---|---|---|
1#EFP | R1 = 10 mm, R2 = 6 mm | 2147 m/s | 2080 m/s | 2045 m/s |
R1 = 10 mm, R2 = 7 mm | 2146 m/s | 2058 m/s | 2011 m/s | |
R1 = 10 mm, R2 = 9 mm | 2049 m/s | 1981 m/s | 1964 m/s | |
R1 = 10 mm, R2 = 10 mm | 2030 m/s | 1976 m/s | 1944 m/s | |
2#EFP | R1 = 10 mm, R2 = 6 mm | 2215 m/s | 2165 m/s | 2160 m/s |
R1 = 10 mm, R2 = 7 mm | 2149 m/s | 2141 m/s | 2126 m/s | |
R1 = 10 mm, R2 = 9 mm | 2058 m/s | 2045 m/s | 2014 m/s | |
R1 = 10 mm, R2 = 10 mm | 2050 m/s | 2039 m/s | 2006 m/s | |
3#EFP | R1 = 10 mm, R2 = 6 mm | 2245 m/s | 2216 m/s | 2195 m/s |
R1 = 10 mm, R2 = 7 mm | 2202 m/s | 2175 m/s | 2162 m/s | |
R1 = 10 mm, R2 = 9 mm | 2175 m/s | 2164 m/s | 2134 m/s | |
R1 = 10 mm, R2 = 10 mm | 2159 m/s | 2140 m/s | 2126 m/s | |
4#EFP | R1 = 10 mm, R2 = 6 mm | 2334 m/s | 2294 m/s | 2250 m/s |
R1 = 10 mm, R2 = 7 mm | 2279 m/s | 2238 m/s | 2227 m/s | |
R1 = 10 mm, R2 = 9 mm | 2206 m/s | 2203 m/s | 2184 m/s | |
R1 = 10 mm, R2 = 10 mm | 2171 m/s | 2120 m/s | 2101 m/s |
Projectile Number | Radius of Curvature | t = 1 mm | t = 1.15 mm | t = 1.3 mm |
---|---|---|---|---|
1#EFP | R1 = 12 mm, R2 = 8 mm | 2137 m/s | 2062 m/s | 2004 m/s |
R1 = 12 mm, R2 = 9 mm | 2065 m/s | 2035 m/s | 1941 m/s | |
R1 = 12 mm, R2 = 11 mm | 2051 m/s | 2007 m/s | 1924 m/s | |
R1 = 12 mm, R2 = 12 mm | 2035 m/s | 1989 m/s | 1907 m/s | |
2#EFP | R1 = 12 mm, R2 = 8 mm | 2141 m/s | 2066 m/s | 2057 m/s |
R1 = 12 mm, R2 = 9 mm | 2083 m/s | 2050 m/s | 2008 m/s | |
R1 = 12 mm, R2 = 11 mm | 2053 m/s | 2046 m/s | 2003 m/s | |
R1 = 12 mm, R2 = 12 mm | 2050 m/s | 2040 m/s | 1986 m/s | |
3#EFP | R1 = 12 mm, R2 = 8 mm | 2150 m/s | 2118 m/s | 2103 m/s |
R1 = 12 mm, R2 = 9 mm | 2105 m/s | 2096 m/s | 2062 m/s | |
R1 = 12 mm, R2 = 11 mm | 2060 m/s | 2055 m/s | 2011 m/s | |
R1 = 12 mm, R2 = 12 mm | 2055 m/s | 2020 m/s | 1979 m/s | |
4#EFP | R1 = 12 mm, R2 = 8 mm | 2155 m/s | 2144 m/s | 2136 m/s |
R1 = 12 mm, R2 = 9 mm | 2123 m/s | 2112 m/s | 1992 m/s | |
R1 = 12 mm, R2 = 11 mm | 2095 m/s | 2079 m/s | 1989 m/s | |
R1 = 12 mm, R2 = 12 mm | 2043 m/s | 2019 m/s | 1947 m/s |
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Ma, G.; He, G.; Liu, Y.; Guo, Y. Study of the Forming Characteristics of Small-Caliber Ammunition with Circumferential MEFP. Materials 2020, 13, 891. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13040891
Ma G, He G, Liu Y, Guo Y. Study of the Forming Characteristics of Small-Caliber Ammunition with Circumferential MEFP. Materials. 2020; 13(4):891. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13040891
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Guangsong, Guanglin He, Yukuan Liu, and Yachao Guo. 2020. "Study of the Forming Characteristics of Small-Caliber Ammunition with Circumferential MEFP" Materials 13, no. 4: 891. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13040891