Synthesis of Silver-Coated Bioactive Nanocomposite Scaffolds Based on Grafted Beta-Glucan/Hydroxyapatite via Freeze-Drying Method: Anti-Microbial and Biocompatibility Evaluation for Bone Tissue Engineering
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Method
2.1. Materials
2.2. Bioactive Nanocomposite Scaffold Fabrication
2.3. Deposition of Silver Particles on Bioactive Nanocomposite Scaffolds
3. Characterizations
3.1. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
3.2. X-ray Diffraction
3.3. Scanning Electron Microscope/ Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy
3.4. Mechanical Testing
3.5. Swelling Analysis
3.6. In Vitro Studies
3.6.1. Anti-Microbial Activities
3.6.2. Sample Preparation for Cell Culture
3.6.3. Cell Morphological Analysis
3.6.4. Cytotoxicity Using the Neutral Red Assay
3.6.5. SEM Sample Preparation
3.6.6. Statistical Analysis
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. FTIR
4.2. XRD
4.3. SEM–EDX
4.4. Mechanical Testing
4.5. Swelling Analysis
4.6. In-Vitro Study
4.6.1. Anti-Microbial Activity
4.6.2. Cytotoxicity
4.6.3. Morphological Changes and Cell Attachment
4.6.4. SEM Analysis of Cell Growth
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | AgNO3 Concentration (M) | Pore Size (µm) | Porosity (%) |
---|---|---|---|
BNS1 | 0.15 | 175 ± 2 | 88.5 ± 2 |
BNS2 | 0.30 | 135 ± 1 | 81.5 ± 1 |
BNS3 | 0.45 | 115 ± 2 | 74.5 ± 2 |
BNS4 | 0.60 | 92 ± 2 | 69.5 ± 1 |
Sample | Angle (2ѳ) | FWMH | Lattice Strain (%) | d (Å) | D (nm) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BNS1 | 31.1° | 39.69° | 0.70317 | 0.94232 | 0.0218 | 0.0115 | 3.620 | 2.45 | 12.25 | 9.36 | |
HAp | Ag | ||||||||||
BNS2 | 31.1° | 39.69° | 0.80141 | 0.96215 | 0.0208 | 0.0232 | 3.45 | 2.41 | 12.39 | 9.74 | |
HAp | Ag | ||||||||||
BNS3 | 31.1° | 39.69° | 0.8316 | 0.97137 | 0.0148 | 0.0212 | 3.36 | 2.32 | 12.95 | 9.82 | |
HAp | Ag | ||||||||||
BNS4 | 31.1° | 39.69° | 0.90317 | 0.99182 | 0.0217 | 0.0315 | 3.14 | 2.25 | 13.35 | 9.96 | |
HAp | Ag |
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Khan, M.U.A.; Al-Thebaiti, M.A.; Hashmi, M.U.; Aftab, S.; Abd Razak, S.I.; Abu Hassan, S.; Abdul Kadir, M.R.; Amin, R. Synthesis of Silver-Coated Bioactive Nanocomposite Scaffolds Based on Grafted Beta-Glucan/Hydroxyapatite via Freeze-Drying Method: Anti-Microbial and Biocompatibility Evaluation for Bone Tissue Engineering. Materials 2020, 13, 971. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13040971
Khan MUA, Al-Thebaiti MA, Hashmi MU, Aftab S, Abd Razak SI, Abu Hassan S, Abdul Kadir MR, Amin R. Synthesis of Silver-Coated Bioactive Nanocomposite Scaffolds Based on Grafted Beta-Glucan/Hydroxyapatite via Freeze-Drying Method: Anti-Microbial and Biocompatibility Evaluation for Bone Tissue Engineering. Materials. 2020; 13(4):971. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13040971
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhan, Muhammad Umar Aslam, Mesfer A. Al-Thebaiti, Muhammad Uzair Hashmi, Saira Aftab, Saiful Izwan Abd Razak, Shukur Abu Hassan, Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir, and Rashid Amin. 2020. "Synthesis of Silver-Coated Bioactive Nanocomposite Scaffolds Based on Grafted Beta-Glucan/Hydroxyapatite via Freeze-Drying Method: Anti-Microbial and Biocompatibility Evaluation for Bone Tissue Engineering" Materials 13, no. 4: 971. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13040971