Effect of the Pyro-Gasification Temperature of Wood on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biochar-Polymer Biocomposites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Material Sampling and Biochar Preparation
2.2. Preparation of Biocomposites
2.3. Materials Characterization
3. Results
3.1. Elemental Composition and Porosity of Black Spruce Wood and Biochar
3.2. Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites
3.3. Morphology of Biocomposites
3.4. Surface Roughness and Porosity
3.5. Water Uptake and Contact Angle
3.6. Practical Implications
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | HDPE | PP |
---|---|---|
Mold temperature (°C) | 20 | 20 |
Injection pressure (bar) | 900−1325 | 1300−1400 |
Hold pressure: (bar) | 450−600 | 600−925 |
Injection pressure time (s) | 0.8−1.9 | 0.8−1.9 |
Hold pressure time (s) | 11 | 11 |
Cooling time (s) | 17 | 17 |
Total cycle time (s) | 33.2−33.6 | 33.3−34.4 |
Dosing volume (cm3) | 18/26/34/41 | 18.5/26/34/41 |
Decompression volume (cm3) | 5 | 5 |
Screw speed (RPM) | 215 | 215 |
Barrel temperature profile–feed, zone1, zone2, nozzle (°C) | 170/190/190/190 | 185/205/205/205 |
C (%) | H (%) | N (%) | S (%) | O (%) | Specific Surface Area (m2 g−1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Black spruce | 48.4 | 6.57 | 0.08 | 1.04 | 43.9 | 0.5 |
315 °C | 53.0 | 5.76 | 0.74 | 0.86 | 39.6 | 42 |
400 °C | 72.5 | 3.71 | 0.71 | 0.60 | 23.0 | 158 |
445 °C | 75.4 | 3.84 | 0.87 | 0.51 | 19.4 | 208 |
Tensile | Impact | Three-Point Bending | Contact Angle | Water Uptake | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MOE | MOR | MOE | MOR | Volume Changes | Absorp-tion | |||||
Biochar content (A) | 1985 ** | 4447 ** | 596 ** | 1422 ** | 1009 ** | 1833 ** | 120 ** | 6.9 ** | 91 ** | 354 ** |
Polymer type (B) | 2396 ** | 11759 ** | 35 ** | 93 ** | 1802 ** | 6042 ** | 203 * | 13 ** | 0.3 ns | 0.2 ns |
Temperature (C) | 1358 ** | 90 ** | 4 * | 16 ** | 688 ** | 813 ** | 18 ** | 20 ** | 179 ** | 155 ** |
A x B | 97 ** | 434 ** | 1.5 ns | 6 ** | 76 ** | 215 ** | 16 ** | 4 * | 1.7 ns | 4 ** |
A x C | 104 ** | 102 ** | 0.9 ns | 1 ns | 62 ** | 33 ** | 10 ** | 3 * | 9 ** | 27 ** |
B x C | 13 ** | 120 ** | 18 ** | 32 ** | 14 ** | 10 ** | 14 ** | 0.9 ns | 1.9ns | 21 ** |
Surface Roughness value, Sa μm | Surface Classification |
---|---|
0–0.4 | Smooth |
0.5–1.0 | Moderately rough |
1.0–2.0 | Rough |
>2.0 | Extremely rough |
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Ayadi, R.; Koubaa, A.; Braghiroli, F.; Migneault, S.; Wang, H.; Bradai, C. Effect of the Pyro-Gasification Temperature of Wood on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biochar-Polymer Biocomposites. Materials 2020, 13, 1327. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13061327
Ayadi R, Koubaa A, Braghiroli F, Migneault S, Wang H, Bradai C. Effect of the Pyro-Gasification Temperature of Wood on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biochar-Polymer Biocomposites. Materials. 2020; 13(6):1327. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13061327
Chicago/Turabian StyleAyadi, Ramzi, Ahmed Koubaa, Flavia Braghiroli, Sébastien Migneault, He Wang, and Chedly Bradai. 2020. "Effect of the Pyro-Gasification Temperature of Wood on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biochar-Polymer Biocomposites" Materials 13, no. 6: 1327. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13061327