Effects of UV Stabilizers on Polypropylene Outdoors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
2.2. Sample Preparation
2.3. Film Characterization
2.4. UV Dose Calculation
2.5. Tensile Properties
2.6. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
2.7. Dynamic Friction Analysis
2.8. Morphology of Film Surface (SEM)
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. UV Transmittance
3.2. Tensile Properties
3.3. TGA Results
3.4. Dynamic Friction Results
3.5. SEM Results
4. Concluding Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | |||||||
Components | Control | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | Ⅴ | Ⅵ |
PP | 40 phr | 40 phr | 40 phr | 40 phr | 40 phr | 40 phr | 40 phr |
HALS1 | N/A | 0.50% | N/A | N/A | 0.75% | N/A | N/A |
HALS2 | N/A | N/A | 0.50% | N/A | N/A | 0.75% | N/A |
Nano-ZnO | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.50% | N/A | N/A | 0.75% |
Samples | |||||||
Components | Control | Ⅶ | Ⅷ | Ⅸ | Ⅹ | Ⅺ | Ⅻ |
PP | 40 phr | 40 phr | 40 phr | 40 phr | 40 phr | 40 phr | 40 phr |
HALS1 | N/A | 1% | N/A | N/A | 1.25 | N/A | N/A |
HALS2 | N/A | N/A | 1% | N/A | N/A | 1.25 | N/A |
Nano-ZnO | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1% | N/A | N/A | 1.25 |
Components | 0.5 wt.% HALS1 | 0.75 wt.% HALS1 | 1 wt.% HALS1 | 1.25 wt. % HALS1 |
Thickness (mm) | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.03 | 0.4 ± 0.05 | 0.5 ± 0.02 |
Components | 0.5wt.%HALS2 | 0.75 wt.% HALS2 | 1 wt.%HALS2 | 1.25 wt.% HALS2 |
Thickness (mm) | 0.5 ± 0.03 | 0.5 ± 0.04 | 0.5 ± 0.05 | 0.5 ± 0.01 |
Components | 0.5 wt.% ZnO | 0.75 wt.% ZnO | 1 wt.% ZnO | 1.25 wt.% ZnO |
Thickness (mm) | 0.5 ± 0.03 | 0.5 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.03 | 0.4 ± 0.02 |
UV Transmittance | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
PP | ZnO | HALS1 | HALS2 | |
Pure | 49% | 0.10% | 91% | 83% |
0.50% | 28% | 49% | 49% | |
0.75% | 19% | 49% | 49% | |
1% | 14% | 50% | 50% | |
1.25% | 11% | 50% | 50% |
Concentration | Mechanical Properties | HALS1 | HALS2 | nano-ZnO |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.5 wt.% | Young's modulus (MPa) | 374 ± 31 | 364 ± 64 | 429 ± 65 |
Elongation at break(mm) | 288 ± 47 | 290 ± 36 | 279 ± 13 | |
Tensile toughness (N·m) | 9 ± 1 | 13 ± 2 | 10 ± 3 | |
0.75 wt.% | Young's modulus (MPa) | 379 ± 20 | 317 ± 57 | 414 ± 39 |
Elongation at break(mm) | 295 ± 50 | 310 ± 64 | 289 ± 32 | |
Tensile toughness (N·m) | 11 ± 2 | 14 ± 3 | 11 ± 2 | |
1 wt.% | Young's modulus (MPa) | 382 ± 54 | 419 ± 23 | 402 ± 44 |
Elongation at break(mm) | 321 ± 31 | 312 ± 28 | 270 ± 38 | |
Tensile toughness (N·m) | 13 ± 1 | 12 ± 2 | 12 ± 2 | |
1.25 wt.% | Young's modulus (MPa) | 404 ± 82 | 444 ± 30 | 466 ± 70 |
Elongation at break(mm) | 286 ± 31 | 276 ± 18 | 299 ± 50 | |
Tensile toughness (N·m) | 12 ± 2 | 14 ± 1 | 12 ± 3 |
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Brostow, W.; Lu, X.; Gencel, O.; Osmanson, A.T. Effects of UV Stabilizers on Polypropylene Outdoors. Materials 2020, 13, 1626. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13071626
Brostow W, Lu X, Gencel O, Osmanson AT. Effects of UV Stabilizers on Polypropylene Outdoors. Materials. 2020; 13(7):1626. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13071626
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrostow, Witold, Xinyao Lu, Osman Gencel, and Allison T. Osmanson. 2020. "Effects of UV Stabilizers on Polypropylene Outdoors" Materials 13, no. 7: 1626. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13071626