Hybrid Sponge-Like Scaffolds Based on Ulvan and Gelatin: Design, Characterization and Evaluation of Their Potential Use in Bone Tissue Engineering
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of Chemically Cross-Linked Ulvan/Gelatin Hybrid Scaffolds
2.3. Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.4. Determination of Porosity and Density
2.5. FTIR Spectroscopy
2.6. Thermogravimetric Analysis
2.7. Determination of Water Uptake Ability
2.8. In Vitro Degradation Study
2.9. Measurement of Mechanical Compression
2.10. Statistical Analysis
2.11. Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of hADMSCs
2.12. Cell Seeding on Scaffolds
2.13. Ostegenic Differentiation of hADMSCs
2.14. Confocal Microscopy
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Crosslinking of Gelatin and Ulvan
3.2. Characterization of Morphology and Porosity
3.3. Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis
3.4. Thermal Behavior
3.5. Water Uptake Ability
3.6. In Vitro Biodegradability
3.7. Mechanical Properties
3.8. Evaluation of Cell Viability, Proliferation, and Morphology of hADMSCs Seeded on the Scaffolds
3.9. Evaluation of Osteogenic Differentiation of hADMSCs Seeded on the Scaffolds
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Porosity (%) | Density (g/mL) |
---|---|---|
G(A) | 87.5 ± 1.6 | 0.030 ± 0.002 |
UG(A)3:7 | 85.2 ± 2.5 | 0.030 ± 0.002 |
UG(A)5:5 | 95.3 ± 0.7 | 0.031 ± 0.001 |
UG(A)7:3 | 91.5 ± 4.6 | 0.034 ± 0.004 |
G(B) | 84.6 ± 4.5 | 0.031 ± 0.006 |
UG(B)3:7 | 82.3 ± 4.2 | 0.031 ± 0.005 |
UG(B)5:5 | 93.7 ± 3.7 | 0.031 ± 0.003 |
UG(B)7:3 | 92.1 ± 2.9 | 0.033 ± 0.001 |
Sample | Young’s Modulus (Compression, MPa) | Compressive Strength at 50% Compression (MPa) |
---|---|---|
G(A) | 0.10 ± 0.018 | 0.068 ± 0.010 |
UG(A)3:7 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.074 ± 0.009 |
UG(A)5:5 | 0.09 ± 0.006 | 0.059 ± 0.008 |
UG(A)7:3 | 0.08 ± 0.015 | 0.043 ± 0.002 |
G(B) | 0.06 ± 0.005 | 0.050 ± 0.010 |
UG(B)3:7 | 0.19 ± 0.005 | 0.090 ± 0.010 |
UG(B)5:5 | 0.04 ± 0.014 | 0.030 ± 0.005 |
UG(B)7:3 | 0.02 ± 0.0003 | 0.020 ± 0.003 |
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Tziveleka, L.-A.; Sapalidis, A.; Kikionis, S.; Aggelidou, E.; Demiri, E.; Kritis, A.; Ioannou, E.; Roussis, V. Hybrid Sponge-Like Scaffolds Based on Ulvan and Gelatin: Design, Characterization and Evaluation of Their Potential Use in Bone Tissue Engineering. Materials 2020, 13, 1763. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13071763
Tziveleka L-A, Sapalidis A, Kikionis S, Aggelidou E, Demiri E, Kritis A, Ioannou E, Roussis V. Hybrid Sponge-Like Scaffolds Based on Ulvan and Gelatin: Design, Characterization and Evaluation of Their Potential Use in Bone Tissue Engineering. Materials. 2020; 13(7):1763. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13071763
Chicago/Turabian StyleTziveleka, Leto-Aikaterini, Andreas Sapalidis, Stefanos Kikionis, Eleni Aggelidou, Efterpi Demiri, Aristeidis Kritis, Efstathia Ioannou, and Vassilios Roussis. 2020. "Hybrid Sponge-Like Scaffolds Based on Ulvan and Gelatin: Design, Characterization and Evaluation of Their Potential Use in Bone Tissue Engineering" Materials 13, no. 7: 1763. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13071763