Rotary Friction Welding of Molybdenum without Upset Forging
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Test Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Excessive and Abrupt Burning and Instability of Flashes during Welding
3.2. Effects of Welding Time on Macro-Morphology and Axial Shortening of the RFW-Mo Joints
3.3. Influences of Welding Time on Structural Morphologies of Cross-Sections of the RFW-Mo Joints
3.4. Impacts of Welding Time on Microhardness of Cross-Sections of the Mo-RFW Joints
3.5. Effects of Welding Time on Mechanical Properties of the Mo-RFW Joints
3.6. Influences of Welding Time on Micro-Morphologies of Tensile Fractures of the RFW-Mo Joints
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Zhang, L.J.; Pei, J.Y.; Zhang, L.L.; Long, J.; Zhang, J.X.; Na, S.J. Laser seal welding of end plug to thin-walled nanostructured high-strength molybdenum alloy cladding with a zirconium interlayer. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 2019, 267, 338–347. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, L.J.; Liu, J.Z.; Bai, Q.L.; Wang, X.W.; Sun, Y.J.; Li, S.G.; Gong, X. Effect of preheating on the microstructure and properties of fiber laser welded girth joint of thin-walled nanostructured Mo alloy. Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. 2019, 78, 219–227. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, L.J.; Liu, J.Z.; Pei, J.Y.; Ning, J.; Zhang, L.L.; Long, J.; Na, S.J. Effects of power modulation, multipass remelting and Zr addition upon porosity defects in laser seal welding of end plug to thin-walled molybdenum alloy. J. Manuf. Process. 2019, 41, 197–207. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Northwood, D.O.; Herring, R.A. Irradiation growth of zirconium alloy nuclear reactor structural components. J. Mater. Energy Syst. 1983, 4, 195–216. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nikulina, A.V.; Konkov, V.F.; Peregud, M.M.; Vorobev, E.E. Effect of molybdenum on properties of zirconium components of nuclear reactor core. Nucl. Mater. Energy 2018, 14, 8–13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Doane, D.V.; Timmons, G.A.; Hallada, C.J. Molybdenum and Molybdenum Alloys. Kirk Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. 2000. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- An, G.; Sun, J.; Sun, Y.; Cao, W.; Zhu, Q.; Bai, Q.; Zhang, L. Fiber laser welding of fuel cladding and end plug made of La2O3 dispersion-strengthened molybdenum alloy. Materials 2018, 11, 1071. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Xie, M.X.; Li, Y.X.; Shang, X.T.; Wang, X.W.; Pei, J.Y. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Fiber Welded Socket-Joint Made of Powder Metallurgy Molybdenum Alloy. Metals 2019, 9, 640. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Xie, M.X.; Li, Y.X.; Shang, X.T.; Wang, X.W.; Pei, J.Y. Effect of Heat Input on Porosity Defects in a Fiber Laser Welded Socket-Joint Made of Powder Metallurgy Molybdenum Alloy. Materials 2019, 12, 1433. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Zhang, L.L.; Zhang, L.J.; Long, J.; Sun, X.; Zhang, J.X.; Na, S.J. Enhanced mechanical performance of fusion zone in laser beam welding joint of molybdenum alloy due to solid carburizing. Mater. Des. 2019, 181, 107957. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, L.L.; Zhang, L.J.; Long, J.; Ning, J.; Zhang, J.X.; Na, S.J. Effects of titanium on grain boundary strength in molybdenum laser weld bead and formation and strengthening mechanisms of brazing layer. Mater. Des. 2019, 169, 107681. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mayuzumi, M.; Onchi, T. Creep deformation and rupture properties of unirradiated Zircaloy-4 nuclear fuel cladding tube at temperatures of 727 to 857 K. J. Nucl. Mater. 1990, 175, 135–142. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mayuzumi, M.; Onchi, T. Creep deformation of an unirradiated Zircaloy nuclear fuel cladding tube under dry storage conditions. J. Nucl. Mater. 1990, 171, 381–388. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sokolov, M.; Salminen, A.; Katayama, S.; Kawahito, Y. Reduced pressure laser welding of thick section structural steel. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 2015, 219, 278–285. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, L.J.; Guo, Q.; Zhang, Y.B.; Ma, R.Y.; Wang, C.H.; Zhang, J.X.; Na, S.J. Microstructure and Performance of Laser-Welded GH3128/Mo Dissimilar Joints. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 2020, 29, 1792–1809. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, P.; Feng, K.Y.; Zhang, G.M. A novel study on laser lap welding of refractory alloy 50Mo–50Re of small-scale thin sheet. Vacuum 2017, 136, 10–13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gao, X.L.; Li, L.K.; Liu, J.; Wang, X.; Yu, H. Effect of laser offset on microstructure and mechanical properties of laser welding of pure molybdenum to stainless steel. Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. 2020, 88, 105186. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Katayama, S.; Yohei, A.; Mizutani, M.; Kawahito, Y. Development of deep penetration welding technology with high brightness laser under vacuum. Phys. Procedia 2011, 12, 75–80. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Long, J.; Zhang, L.J.; Zhang, L.L.; Ning, J.; Yin, X.Q.; Zhang, J.X.; Na, S.J. Fiber laser spot welding of molybdenum alloy in a hyperbaric environment. Opt. Express 2020, 28, 7843–7857. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, X.; Li, J.; Liao, Z.; Jin, F.; Xiong, J.; Zhang, F. Effect of rotation speed on friction behavior and radially non-uniform local mechanical properties of AA6061-T6 rotary friction welded joint. J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 2018, 32, 1987–2006. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jin, F.; Li, J.; Liao, Z.; Li, X.; Xiong, J.; Zhang, F. The corona bond response to normal stress distribution during the process of rotary friction welding. Weld. World 2018, 62, 913–922. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ambroziak, A. Friction welding of molybdenum to molybdenum and to other metals. Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. 2011, 29, 462–469. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tabernig, B.; Reheis, N. Joining of molybdenum and its application. Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. 2010, 28, 728–733. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stütz, M.; Pixner, F.; Wagner, J.; Reheis, N.; Raiser, E.; Kestler, H.; Enzinger, N. Rotary friction welding of molybdenum components. Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. 2018, 73, 79–84. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stütz, M.; Buzolin, R.; Pixner, F.; Poletti, C.; Enzinger, N. Microstructure development of molybdenum during rotary friction welding. Mater. Charact. 2019, 151, 506–518. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- ASTM E112-13: Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size; ASTM: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2013.
- Primig, S.; Leitner, H.; Knabl, W.; Lorich, A.; Clemens, H.; Stickler, R. Influence of the heating rate on the recrystallization behavior of molybdenum. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2012, 535, 316–324. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yuanzhao, L.V.; Li, J.; Li, P.; Sun, T.; Xiong, J.; Zhang, F.S. Joint Formation Mechanism of Rotary Friction Welding Characterized by Seaming Ratio. Chin. J. Mater. Res. 2017, 31, 261–266. [Google Scholar]
No. | Main Component | Impurity Content (≤) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mo | Al | Ca | Fe | Mg | Ni | Si | C | N | O | |
Mo1 | ≥99.95 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.010 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.003 | 0.008 |
NO. | Spindle Speed (r/min) | Welding Pressure (MPa) | Welding Time (s) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 2000 | 80 | 2 |
2 | 2000 | 80 | 3 |
3 | 2000 | 80 | 4 |
4 | 2000 | 80 | 5 |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Xie, M.; Shang, X.; Li, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Zhu, M.; Xiong, J. Rotary Friction Welding of Molybdenum without Upset Forging. Materials 2020, 13, 1957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13081957
Xie M, Shang X, Li Y, Zhang Z, Zhu M, Xiong J. Rotary Friction Welding of Molybdenum without Upset Forging. Materials. 2020; 13(8):1957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13081957
Chicago/Turabian StyleXie, Miaoxia, Xiangtao Shang, Yanxin Li, Zehui Zhang, Minghui Zhu, and Jiangtao Xiong. 2020. "Rotary Friction Welding of Molybdenum without Upset Forging" Materials 13, no. 8: 1957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13081957