Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties for Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Parts Produced Using Non-Spherical Precursor Powder by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Powder and Feedstock
2.2. Process Parameters
2.3. Laser Powder Bed Fusion System, Setup, and Fabrication
2.4. Heat Treatment Parameters
2.5. Tensile Testing
2.6. Microstructure Characterization
2.7. Density Measurements
2.8. Hardness Testing
2.9. Fracture Surface Analysis
2.10. Chemical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Microstructure Analysis and Discussion
3.2. Tensile Testing and Mechanical Property Comparisons and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cube - | Scan Speed (mm/s) | Laser Power (W) | Hatch (mm) | Layer Thickness (μm) | Stripe Width (mm) | e (J/mm3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1200 | 280 | 0.14 | 30 | 5 | 55.6 |
2 | 1200 | 310 | 0.14 | 30 | 5 | 61.5 |
3 | 1200 | 340 | 0.14 | 30 | 5 | 67.5 |
4 | 1100 | 280 | 0.14 | 30 | 5 | 60.6 |
5 | 1000 | 280 | 0.14 | 30 | 5 | 66.7 |
6 | 1000 | 280 | 0.12 | 30 | 5 | 77.8 |
7 | 1000 | 280 | 0.1 | 30 | 5 | 93.3 |
8 | 400 | 110 | 0.12 | 30 | 5 | 76.4 |
9 | 400 | 120 | 0.12 | 30 | 5 | 83.3 |
10 | 400 | 130 | 0.12 | 30 | 5 | 90.3 |
11 | 360 | 110 | 0.12 | 30 | 5 | 84.9 |
12 | 320 | 110 | 0.12 | 30 | 5 | 95.5 |
13 | 320 | 110 | 0.1 | 30 | 5 | 114.6 |
14 | 320 | 110 | 0.08 | 30 | 5 | 143.2 |
Variant | Process | Pressure (MPa) | Temperature (°C) | Hold Time (min) | Cooling |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Anneal | None | 704 ± 14 | 120 ± 15 | Air or furnace cooled |
2 | HIP | 100 | 896–955 (±15 of selected temp) | 180 ± 60 | Under inert atmosphere below 425 °C |
3 | HIP | 100 | 896–955 (±15 of selected temp) | 180 ± 60 | Under inert atmosphere below 425 °C |
Anneal | None | 704 ± 14 | 120 ± 15 | Air or furnace cooled |
Ti64 HDH | Al | V | Fe | Si | Ca | O | N | C | S | H |
5.92 | 4.06 | 0.20 | 0.014 | 0.006 | 0.17 | 0.042 | 0.033 | 0.0009 | 0.009 |
Variant | Yield Stress (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | Ɛmax (%) | Density (g/cm3) | Relative Density * | Hardness (HRC) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD ** | Mean | SD ** | Mean | SD ** | Mean | SD ** | Mean | Mean | SD ** | |
Anneal | 1185 | 15 | 1217 | 13 | 8.7 | 1.3 | 4.39 | 0.004 | 99.2% | 43.9 | 1.36 |
HIP | 1025 | 17 | 1083 | 13 | 16.7 | 0.8 | 4.41 | 0.006 | 99.5% | 40.7 | 0.93 |
HIP + Anneal | 1039 | 9 | 1089 | 9 | 16.1 | 1.1 | 4.40 | 0.005 | 99.4% | 40.4 | 0.97 |
As-built | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 4.38 | 0.002 | 98.9% | 44.6 | 0.71 |
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Varela, J.; Arrieta, E.; Paliwal, M.; Marucci, M.; Sandoval, J.H.; Gonzalez, J.A.; McWilliams, B.; Murr, L.E.; Wicker, R.B.; Medina, F. Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties for Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Parts Produced Using Non-Spherical Precursor Powder by Laser Powder Bed Fusion. Materials 2021, 14, 3028. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14113028
Varela J, Arrieta E, Paliwal M, Marucci M, Sandoval JH, Gonzalez JA, McWilliams B, Murr LE, Wicker RB, Medina F. Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties for Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Parts Produced Using Non-Spherical Precursor Powder by Laser Powder Bed Fusion. Materials. 2021; 14(11):3028. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14113028
Chicago/Turabian StyleVarela, Jaime, Edel Arrieta, Muktesh Paliwal, Mike Marucci, Jose H. Sandoval, Jose A. Gonzalez, Brandon McWilliams, Lawrence E. Murr, Ryan B. Wicker, and Francisco Medina. 2021. "Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties for Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Parts Produced Using Non-Spherical Precursor Powder by Laser Powder Bed Fusion" Materials 14, no. 11: 3028. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14113028